Table 3.
Univariable associations with a postexercise troponin rise: clinical, biomarker and MRI characteristics
| Variable | Clinical HCM with troponin rise (n=23) |
Clinical HCM without troponin rise (n=104) | P value |
| Age (years) | 51±15 | 54±14 | 0.405 |
| Male, n (%) | 14 (61) | 62 (60) | 0.912 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 7 (30) | 37 (36) | 0.639 |
| NYHA functional class ≥2, n (%) | 12 (52) | 44 (42) | 0.388 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26±4 | 26±3 | 0.728 |
| Medication use | |||
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 8 (35) | 51 (49) | 0.215 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 2 (9) | 15 (14) | 0.736 |
| Mutation type (n=115) | (n=21) | (n=94) | |
| No mutation found, n (%) | 9 (43) | 38 (40) | 0.121* |
| MYBPC3, n (%) | 11 (52) | 44 (47) | |
| MYH7, n (%) | 0 (0) | 10 (11) | |
| other, n (%) | 1 (5) | 2 (2) | |
| Exercise stress test | |||
| Resting heart rate (beats/min) | 79±15 | 73±12 | 0.03 |
| Heart rate at maximum exercise (beats/min) | 157±19 | 143±23 | 0.004 |
| Resting systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 128±18 | 129±22 | 0.860 |
| Maximum systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 179±30 | 180±32 | 0.959 |
| Achieved exercise load (W) | 170 (120-200) | 140 (113-178) | 0.125 |
| Relative achieved exercise load (in %) | 93±20 | 90±21 | 0.579 |
| Achieved load <80% of expected, n (%) | 7 (30) | 38 (37) | 0.580 |
| Duration of exercise (min) | 15 (10-18) | 13 (8-17) | 0.223 |
| HRPP (mm Hg*beats per min) | 28119±4889 | 25740±6278 | 0.09 |
| Highly sensitive cardiac troponin T (ng/L) | 8.8 (4.8–19.9) | 8.2 (3.3–13.1) | 0.195 |
| Elevated troponin (≥14 ng/L), n (%) | 9 (39) | 22 (21) | 0.07 |
| CMRi (n=109) | (n=20) | (n=89) | |
| LV mass indexed by BSA (g/m2) | 72 (53-112) | 61 (52-75) | 0.112 |
| Increased LV mass, n (%)† | 7 (35) | 16 (18) | 0.127 |
| Maximal wall thickness (mm) | 20 (15-23) | 17 (14-20) | 0.02 |
| Presence of LGE, n (%) | 17 (85) | 51 (57) | 0.02 |
| Presence of HighT2, n (%) | 13 (65) | 15 (19) | <0.001 |
Data are described as means±SDs, medians with IQRs or numbers with percentages.
*No significant differences among subgroups.
†Defined as >91 g/m2 for men, and >69 g/m2 for women.19
BSA, body surface area; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HighT2, elevated signal intensity on T2-weighted images; HRPP, heart rate pressure product; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LV, left ventricular; NYHA, New York Heart Association.