Table 1. Characteristics of participants at the baseline survey among the follow-up difficulty stages.
| FL1 (n = 2,000) | FL2 (n = 369) | FL3 (n = 193) | FL4 (n = 63) | NR (n = 68) | P for trenda | Significant Differencesb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Age (years) | 72.5 | 5.3 | 72.3 | 5.5 | 72.7 | 5.7 | 74.6 | 5.9 | 72.7 | 5.6 | 0.727 | FL4>FL1,FL2 |
| IADL score | 4.9 | 0.6 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 4.6 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 1.0 | <.001*** | FL1>FL2,FL3,FL4; FL2>F3 |
| Sex | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | 0.920 | |
| Men | 878 | 43.9 | 159 | 43.1 | 89 | 46.1 | 32 | 50.8 | 26 | 38.2 | ||
| Women | 1122 | 56.1 | 210 | 56.9 | 104 | 53.9 | 31 | 49.2 | 42 | 61.8 | ||
| Social Participation | ||||||||||||
| Neighborhood associations | 588 | 29.4 | 93 | 25.2 | 47 | 24.4 | 15 | 23.8 | 10 | 14.7 | 0.001** | |
| Senior citizen clubs | 248 | 12.4 | 43 | 11.7 | 14 | 7.3 | 8 | 12.7 | 8 | 11.8 | 0.243 | |
| Hobby groups | 687 | 34.4 | 101 | 27.4 | 42 | 21.8 | 16 | 25.4 | 16 | 23.5 | <.001*** | FL1>FL3 |
| Sports groups | 473 | 23.6 | 73 | 19.8 | 31 | 16.1 | 3 | 4.8 | 11 | 16.2 | <.001*** | FL1>FL4, FL2>FL4 |
| Volunteer groups | 176 | 8.8 | 20 | 5.4 | 8 | 4.1 | 4 | 6.3 | 4 | 5.9 | 0.013* | |
| Social isolation | ||||||||||||
| Isolation | 471 | 23.5 | 92 | 24.9 | 59 | 30.6 | 19 | 30.2 | 27 | 39.7 | <.001*** | NR>FL1 |
| Self-rated Health | <.001*** | |||||||||||
| Very healthy | 242 | 12.1 | 30 | 8.1 | 15 | 7.8 | 3 | 4.8 | 3 | 4.4 | ||
| Healthy enough | 1396 | 69.8 | 245 | 66.4 | 119 | 61.7 | 37 | 58.7 | 41 | 60.3 | ||
| Not very healthy | 288 | 14.4 | 72 | 19.5 | 46 | 23.8 | 15 | 23.8 | 17 | 25.0 | FL3>FL1 | |
| Not healthy | 74 | 3.7 | 22 | 6.0 | 13 | 6.7 | 8 | 12.7 | 7 | 10.3 | FL4>FL1 | |
| Perceived financial status | <.001*** | |||||||||||
| Very comfortable | 64 | 3.2 | 8 | 2.2 | 6 | 3.1 | 4 | 6.3 | 1 | 1.5 | ||
| A little comfortable | 698 | 34.9 | 117 | 31.7 | 49 | 25.4 | 10 | 15.9 | 14 | 20.6 | FL1>FL4 | |
| Neither comfortable nor hard | 838 | 41.9 | 154 | 41.7 | 87 | 45.1 | 31 | 49.2 | 30 | 44.1 | ||
| A little hard | 328 | 16.4 | 71 | 19.2 | 39 | 20.2 | 15 | 23.8 | 19 | 27.9 | ||
| Very hard | 72 | 3.6 | 19 | 5.1 | 12 | 6.2 | 3 | 4.8 | 4 | 5.9 | ||
SD = standard deviation; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; FL = follow up; NR = non responders.
aJonckheere-Terpstra trend test or Chi-square test for trend.
bBonfferoni post-hoc test.
* p < .05;
** p < .01;
*** p < .001.