Table 2. Age- and sex-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for the follow-up difficulty stages with social participation and isolation.

Model 1 (Age- and sex-adjusted)
Follow-up Difficulty (reference: FL1)
	FL2		FL3		FL4		NR
	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)
Social participation (reference: participation of each social group)
Neighborhood associations	1.16	(0.89–1.52)	1.05	(0.73–1.50)	1.25	(0.66–2.35)	2.29	(1.12–4.70)
Senior citizen clubs	0.90	(0.62–1.31)	1.56	(0.87–2.81)	0.93	(0.41–2.09)	0.68	(0.30–1.52)
Hobby groups	1.30	(1.00–1.69)	1.57	(1.08–2.28)	1.14	(0.62–2.11)	1.38	(0.75–2.55)
Sports groups	1.16	(0.87–1.55)	1.33	(0.88–2.01)	5.29	(1.63–17.23)	1.27	(0.64–2.52)
Volunteer groups	1.49	(0.91–2.44)	1.69	(0.81–3.56)	0.93	(0.32–2.73)	0.98	(0.34–2.83)
Social isolation (reference: not isolation)
Isolation	0.98	(0.75–1.29)	1.19	(0.85–1.67)	1.07	(0.60–1.91)	2.01	(1.18–3.41)
Model 2 (Multivariate-adjusteda)
Follow-up Difficulty (reference: FL1)
	FL2		FL3		FL4		NR
	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)
Social participation (reference: participation of each social group)
Neighborhood associations	1.12	(0.85–1.47)	0.96	(0.67–1.38)	1.16	(0.61–2.20)	2.11	(1.03–4.35)
Senior citizen clubs	0.91	(0.63–1.32)	1.61	(0.89–2.92)	1.00	(0.44–2.26)	0.71	(0.32–1.60)
Hobby groups	1.22	(0.93–1.59)	1.39	(0.95–2.04)	1.00	(0.54–1.87)	1.20	(0.64–2.24)
Sports groups	1.08	(0.80–1.44)	1.17	(0.77–1.79)	4.55	(1.39–14.91)	1.06	(0.53–2.12)
Volunteer groups	1.44	(0.88–2.36)	1.66	(0.78–3.51)	0.90	(0.30–2.68)	0.89	(0.30–2.60)
Social isolation (reference: not isolation)
Isolation	0.93	(0.71–1.22)	1.09	(0.77–1.54)	0.94	(0.53–1.70)	1.79	(1.04–3.06)

CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; FL = follow up; NR = non responders.

Bold numbers are statistically significant.

^aAdjusted for age, sex, instrumental activities of daily living, self-rated health, and perceived financial status.