. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 3.

Published in final edited form as: Rev Med Virol. 2019 Aug 20;30(1):e2081. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2081

TABLE 3.

List of validated v-miR targets involved in the regualtion of antigen processing and presentation and T cell activation and polarization

Viral miR Modulation of Adaptive Immune Responses
Antigen processing and presentation
Viral miR	Target	Functional impact	References
HCMV miR-UL112; EBV miR-BART-2–5p; KSHV miR-K12–1	MICB	NK cell/CD8+ T cell/γδ T cell cytolytic evasion by reducing stimulatory signals through NKG2D receptor	Nachmani et al⁹⁵; Stern-Ginossar et al⁹⁶
HCMV miR-US25-2-3p	TIMP3	Degradation of MICA and hence reduced NKG2D activation	Esteso et al⁹⁷
BHRF1–3; BART17	TAP2	Blocks peptide transport	Tagawa et al⁹⁴
EBV miR-BART2 BHRF1–2	CTSB	Interferes with MHC class I antigen processing	Tagawa et al⁹⁴
HCMV miR-US4–1	ERAP1	Reduced antigen degradation and presentation to CD8 + T cells	Kim et al⁹⁸
EBV miR-BART1–5p; BART3; BART15; BART16; BART17–5p	LMP1 (viral)	Downregulation of highly immunogenic viral latency membrane protein 1	Lo et al⁹⁹
EBV miR-BART22	LMP2A	Downregulation of highly immunogenic viral latency membrane protein 2A	Lung et al¹⁰⁰
EBV miR-BART2	LGMN	Reduced processing of MHC II bound pathogenic antigens	Tagawa et al⁹⁴
EBV miR-BART1	IFI30	Inhibition of MHC class II-restricted antigen processing	Tagawa et al⁹⁴
EBV miR-BART1–5p	LY75	Impaired antigen presentation on MHC	Skalsky et al¹²
T cell activation and polarization
EBV BART1; BART2; BART10; BART22; BHRF1	IL12B	Prevents polarization of Th cells to antiviral Th1 subtype	Tagawa et al⁹⁴
HCMV-UL-148D	CCL5	Reduced NK cell activation and T cell recruitment	Kimet al¹⁰¹
EBV BHRF1–3	CXCL11	Inhibition of chemotaxis of activated T cells	Xia et al¹⁰²