Table 1.
Regression Model* Results
| Measure | Outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Direct payments | Research funding | Direct payments from sponsor | Research funding from sponsor | |
| Y1 percentage change | 26.4 (7.5, 48.7) | −9.1 (−23.5, 7.9) | 32.9 (5.9, 66.7) | −32.0 (−49.0, −9.4) |
| Y2 percentage change | 25.2 (2.4, 52.9) | −30.9 (−44.1, −14.4) | 40.5 (7.1, 84.4) | −60.8 (−72.4, −44.5) |
| Y3 percentage change | 8.0 (−12.1, 32.7) | −47.6 (−57.9, −34.7) | 12.4 (−14.6, 47.9) | −72.0 (−80.4, −60.0) |
| P-value | 0.024 | <0.0001 | 0.033 | <0.0001 |
*
A repeated measures, linear mixed-effects model with time point as a fixed effect and manuscript as a random effect. The outcome measures were logarithmic transformations. Percentage changes (with confidence interval in parentheses) are relative to the year prior to publication. The P-value tests whether the three time periods had equal payments.