| Author’s Name |
Year of Publication |
Result |
Conclusion |
| Lyu et al. [40] |
2020 |
In canine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, arsenite-induced stress caused a significant increase in heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression. In addition, leucinostatin stimulated HSP70 expression by inducing heat shock factor-1. |
This study suggests that leucinostatin enhances heat shock factor-1 to increase HSP70 expression in RPE cells. |
| McArdle et al. [11] |
2019 |
The ability of a skeletal muscle to respond to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation using an increased expression of HSP-like proteins decreases with age. This affects ROS homeostasis. |
Advancing age disturbs the physiological functioning of ROS. In chronic cases, this results in neurodegenerative disorders. |
| Yang et al. [17] |
2019 |
4-HNE induces late apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells, with increased levels of 4-HNE-modified HSP70 which decreased the levels of XIAP. |
HSP70 can induce to apoptosis if it is modified by HNE. |
| Yang et al. [34] |
2019 |
Intracellular HSP70 suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 4-HNE facilitated pro-inflammatory action in RPE cells by increasing the extracellular release of HSP70. However, when combined with efflux inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBC), the release of HSP70 was reduced and a decrease in levels of IL-6 was found. |
HNE-induced modification of HSP70 antagonizes the anti-inflammatory role of HSP70 and boosts the level of IL-6. This effect can be blocked by administrating MBC. |
| Wang et al. [43] |
2016 |
Results show that in non-damaging retinal therapy (NRT) the activation of protein can take place in a range of 25%-40%. |
This study shows that there is a very narrow range of non-lethal activation of HSP70 by NRT. |
| Subrizi et al. [28] |
2015 |
On exposing ARPE-19 cells with hydrogen peroxide, IL-6 production was reduced in cells treated with recombinant human HSP70 (rhHSP70), and also improved cell viability. rhHSP70 was localized in lysosomes. |
Exogenously delivered HSP70 localizes in lysosomes and improves the viability of ARPE-19 on administration. |
| Yang et al. [36] |
2013 |
Giving HSP70 exogenously, inhibited subretinal fibrosis in mice with Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/TLR4 and induced IL-10 but not in TLR2 and TLR4-deficient mice |
Results suggest that exogenous HSP70 exhibits anti-inflammatory action by combining with TLR2/TLR4. |
| Ryhänen et al. [39] |
2009 |
The study suggested that accumulation of lysosomes can be reversed. Also, it stated that autophagy aids in the clearance of deposits due to proteasomal inhibition. |
After the failure of the proteasome-mediated pathway, autophagy is stimulated. It helps in clearing the toxic cellular material but excess stimulation can result in degradation of tissues. |
