Table 3.
Reported Techniques and Outcomes in Persistent/Recurrent Macular Holes
| Study (Year) | Surgical Technique | Number (Eyes) | Hole Closure Rate (%) | VA (Pre-Operative, Postoperative) Improvement | Mean Follow-Up Time (Months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezra et al (1997)75 | Membranectomy and autologous serum | 46 persistent MHs | 80 | Median: 20/120, 20/60 | 10 |
| D’souza et al (2011)73 | Repeated PPV and ILM re-peeling | 21 persistent MHs 4 recurrent MHs |
52 25 |
0.044, 0.065a | 12 |
| Rizzo et al (2009)76 | Repeated PPV and injected Densiron-68 | 23 persistent MHs | 87 | 82% of cases improvement in VA at least 3 lines | 12 |
| Reis et al (2012)77 | Radial retinal incisions | 7 persistent MHs | 100 | ≤0.05, 0.24a | 12 |
| Che et al (2014)74 | Repeated PPV and enlarge ILM peeling | 13 persistent MHs | 62 | 1.03,0.92b | 13 |
| Morizane et al (2014)42 | Autologous transplantation of ILM +viscoelastic | 10 refractory MHs | 90 | 0.99, 0.57b | 12 |
| Chen et al (2016)44 | Lens capsule flap transplantation | 20 persistent MHs (10AC, 10 PC) | 100 (AC) 50 (PC) |
1.53, 1.07b | 4 |
| Grewal et al (2016)49 | Autologous neurosensory retinal free flap | 1 refractory myopic MH | 100 | 20/200, 20/80 | 3 |
| Szigiato et al (2016)54 | Induction of macular detachment | 8 persistent MHs 2 recurrent MHs |
90 | 1.49, 1.17b | 6 |
| Pires et al (2017)43 | ILM translocation | 12 persistent MHs | 91 | Mean: 20/400, 20/160 | 12 |
| Felfeli et al (2018)53 | Macular hole hydrodissection | 39 persistent, chronic and/or large MHs | 87 | 95% of cases improvement in VA | 10.7 |
| Caporossi et al (2019)48 | Human amniotic membrane plug | 16 recurrent high myopic MH | 94% after one surgical intervention | 1.00, 0.67b | 12 |
Notes: aMean decimal Snellen; bmean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units.
Abbreviations: MH, idiopathic full-thickness macular hole; ILM, internal limiting membrane; PPV, pars plana vitrectomy; VA, visual acuity; AC, anterior capsule; PC, posterior capsule; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; MSC-Exos, mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes.