TABLE 2.
EED, SI, and iron status biomarker concentrations by stunting status for 548 Ugandan infants aged 6 mo old1
| All (n = 548) | Nonstunted (≥ −1 SD) (n = 225) | Moderately stunted (< −2 to ≥ −3 SDs) (n = 100) | P | Severely stunted (< −3 SDs) (n = 91) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EED, OD | ||||||
| Anti-flagellin IgA | 0.92 (0.65, 1.24) | 0.92 (0.62, 1.17) | 0.83 (0.63, 1.19) | 0.75 | 0.94 (0.72, 1.36) | 0.09 |
| Anti-flagellin IgG | 1.80 (1.59, 2.06) | 1.76 (1.54, 2.01) | 1.77 (1.61, 1.98) | 0.75 | 1.90 (1.62, 2.17) | 0.020* |
| Anti-LPS IgA | 0.98 (0.70, 1.34) | 0.95 (0.66, 1.27) | 0.90 (0.66, 1.19) | 0.49 | 1.06 (0.72, 1.56) | 0.046* |
| Anti-LPS IgG | 1.82 (1.54, 2.09) | 1.78 (1.49, 2.02) | 1.81 (1.55, 2.09) | 0.36 | 1.90 (1.61, 2.16) | 0.035* |
| SI | ||||||
| AGP, g/L | 0.95 (0.66, 1.39) | 0.90 (0.65, 1.34) | 1.00 (0.67, 1.45) | 0.33 | 1.01 (0.65, 1.41) | 0.27 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.78 (0.57, 6.77) | 1.49 (0.56, 5.18) | 2.59 (0.75, 8.65) | 0.016* | 2.33 (0.74, 8.40) | 0.06 |
| Iron2 | ||||||
| Ferritin, μg/L (adj) | 14.90 (8.59, 26.92) | 13.41 (7.81, 23.21) | 14.77 (9.40, 28.73) | 0.18 | 19.86 (9.89, 36.26) | 0.003* |
| sTfR, mg/L (adj) | 9.96 (7.22, 15.50) | 9.79 (7.34, 15.77) | 9.99 (7.24, 14.39) | 0.36 | 10.12 (6.54, 15.66) | 0.26 |
| Hb,3 g/dL | 10.9 (10.0, 11.7) | 10.9 (10.2, 11.7) | 10.8 (9.9, 11.5) | 0.38 | 10.9 (9.9, 11.8) | 0.93 |
1
Values are medians (IQRs). P values were obtained from Mann-Whiney test compared with nonstunted (≥ −1 SD) infants. *P < 0.05. adj, adjusted; AGP, ɑ1-acid glycoprotein; BRINDA, Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutrition Determinants of Anemia; CRP, C-reactive protein; EED, environmental enteric dysfunction; Hb, hemoglobin; OD, optical density; SI, systemic inflammation; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor.
2
Iron biomarkers adjusted for inflammation using the BRINDA method (36).
3
n = 488.