TABLE 2.
Top 20 validated WD metabolites in fully adjusted models in the WHI-HT1
| βWD (SE) | Regression coefficient, βWD continuous 1 SD (SE) | P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite | HMDB ID | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | Continuous | FDR continuous | |
| C14:0 CE | HMDB06725 | Reference | −0.08 (0.08) | −0.25 (0.09) | −0.56 (0.14) | −0.52 (0.07) | 1.11 × 10−10 | 6.48 × 10−9 |
| C16:1 CE | HMDB00658 | Reference | −0.02 (0.08) | −0.23 (0.09) | −0.49 (0.14) | −0.53 (0.07) | 7.47 × 10−11 | 6.48 × 10−9 |
| C20:5 CE | HMDB06731 | Reference | −0.10 (0.08) | −0.22 (0.09) | −0.33 (0.14) | −0.45 (0.07) | 3.09 × 10−8 | 1.20 × 10−6 |
| Docosatrienoic acid | HMDB02823 | Reference | 0.16 (0.08) | 0.29 (0.10) | 0.44 (0.14) | 0.44 (0.08) | 1.00 × 10−7 | 2.35 × 10−6 |
| C36:5 PC | HMDB07890 | Reference | −0.15 (0.08) | −0.26 (0.09) | −0.31 (0.14) | −0.43 (0.07) | 9.08 × 10−8 | 2.35 × 10−6 |
| Eicosapentaenoate | HMDB01999 | Reference | −0.24 (0.08) | −0.29 (0.09) | −0.53 (0.14) | −0.43 (0.07) | 1.86 × 10−7 | 3.64 × 10−6 |
| Tetradecanedioate | HMDB00872 | Reference | −0.06 (0.08) | −0.09 (0.09) | −0.20 (0.14) | −0.41 (0.07) | 2.52 × 10−7 | 4.22 × 10−6 |
| C34:0 PS | HMDB12356 | Reference | −0.13 (0.08) | −0.22 (0.09) | −0.21 (0.14) | −0.42 (0.07) | 4.19 × 10−7 | 6.13 × 10−6 |
| C32:1 PC | HMDB07873 | Reference | −0.04 (0.08) | −0.18 (0.09) | −0.32 (0.13) | −0.39 (0.07) | 1.04 × 10−6 | 1.22 × 10−5 |
| Proline betaine | HMDB04827 | Reference | −0.13 (0.08) | −0.16 (0.09) | −0.45 (0.14) | −0.40 (0.07) | 1.02 × 10−6 | 1.22 × 10−5 |
| C22:6 LPC | HMDB10404 | Reference | −0.20 (0.08) | −0.29 (0.09) | −0.45 (0.13) | −0.38 (0.07) | 2.08 × 10−6 | 2.21 × 10−5 |
| C40:10 PC | HMDB08511 | Reference | −0.13 (0.08) | −0.21 (0.09) | −0.29 (0.14) | −0.38 (0.07) | 2.51 × 10−6 | 2.45 × 10−5 |
| DHA | DHA | Reference | −0.20 (0.08) | −0.28 (0.09) | −0.49 (0.14) | −0.38 (0.07) | 4.33 × 10−6 | 3.62 × 10−5 |
| C38:6 PC | HMDB07991 | Reference | −0.10 (0.08) | −0.14 (0.09) | −0.22 (0.14) | −0.37 (0.07) | 4.14 × 10−6 | 3.62 × 10−5 |
| C32:1 PC plasmalogen-A | HMDB13404 | Reference | −0.05 (0.08) | −0.15 (0.09) | −0.22 (0.14) | −0.36 (0.07) | 1.09 × 10−5 | 8.50 × 10−5 |
| N-methylproline | NA | Reference | −0.06 (0.08) | −0.10 (0.09) | −0.37 (0.14) | −0.36 (0.08) | 1.41 × 10−5 | 0.0001 |
| C4-OH carnitine | HMDB13127 | Reference | 0.03 (0.08) | 0.23 (0.09) | 0.40 (0.13) | 0.34 (0.07) | 1.60 × 10−5 | 0.0001 |
| Eicosanedioate | NA | Reference | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.23 (0.10) | 0.31 (0.14) | 0.35 (0.08) | 2.13 × 10−5 | 0.0001 |
| C36:4 PE plasmalogen | HMDB11442 | Reference | −0.01 (0.09) | 0.12 (0.10) | 0.38 (0.14) | 0.35 (0.08) | 3.10 × 10−5 | 0.0002 |
| C18:2 SM | NA | Reference | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.21 (0.10) | 0.35 (0.14) | 0.34 (0.08) | 5.05 × 10−5 | 0.0003 |
Single metabolite linear regression models for each metabolite (outcome) with respect to the Western standardized dietary score (WD), the primary exposure, while adjusting for age, BMI, batch, ethnicity, enrollment time, energy intake, exercise, case-control status, smoking (current vs. past/never), income (<
34,999 vs. ≥
34,999), education, and medication use at baseline (aspirin, statin, hypertension medications, diabetes medications). CE, cholesteryl ester; FDR, false discovery rate; HMDB, Human Metabolome Database; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; NA, not available; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PS, phosphatidylserine; SM, sphingomyelin; WD, Western dietary pattern; WHI-HT, Women's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Trial.