Table 3:
Models for Intensive Care Admission Glasgow Coma Scale and Cerebrospinal Fluid Attenuation
| Variables | A Priori | Fully Adjusted | Parsimonious | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinal Regression Model for Intensive Care Admission GCS† | |||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Admission Osmolality (per mOsm/kg) | 0.902 | [0.895, 0.908] | <0.001 | 0.916 | [0.905, 0.927] | <0.001 | 0.909 | [0.903, 0.915] | <0.001 |
| Admission Ammonia (per μg/dL) | 0.997 | [0.994, 1.001] | 0.10 | 0.997 | [0.993, 1.001] | 0.19 | -- | -- | -- |
| Acute Liver Failure (reference Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure) | 3.09 | [1.08, 8.82] | 0.035 | 2.53 | [0.716, 8.94] | 0.15 | 2.53 | [0.897, 7.11] | 0.079 |
| APACHE II (per point) | 0.924 | [0.847, 1.008] | 0.074 | 0.951 | [0.835, 1.08] | 0.46 | -- | -- | -- |
| Age (per year) | 1.03 | [0.998, 1.06] | 0.064 | 1.03 | [0.987, 1.07] | 0.20 | 1.03 | [0.996, 1.06] | 0.088 |
| Admission INR | -- | -- | -- | 1.16 | [0.818, 1.65] | 0.40 | -- | -- | -- |
| Admission Total Bilirubin (per mg/dL) | -- | -- | -- | 1.007 | [0.957, 1.07] | 0.79 | -- | -- | -- |
| Admission Creatinine (per mg/dL) | -- | -- | -- | 1.08 | [0.753, 1.54] | 0.69 | -- | -- | -- |
| PaO2/FiO2 (per mmHg) | -- | -- | -- | 1.003 | [0.998, 1.007] | 0.22 | 1.004 | [1.000, 1.008] | 0.035 |
| Admission Hematocrit (per %) | -- | -- | -- | 1.02 | [0.908, 1.04] | 0.45 | -- | -- | -- |
| Admission White Blood Cell Count (per thousand/μL) | -- | -- | -- | 0.974 | [0.908, 1.04] | 0.45 | -- | -- | -- |
| Admission Platelet Count (per thousand/μL) | -- | -- | -- | 1.00 | [0.996, 1.01] | 0.36 | -- | -- | -- |
| Linear Regression Model for CSF Attenuation on Computed Tomography | |||||||||
| β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | |
| Admission Osmolality (per mOsm/kg) | −0.041 | [−0.071, −0.010] | 0.012 | −0.039 | [−0.069, −0.009] | 0.015 | −0.033 | [−0.057, −0.009] | 0.009 |
| Admission Ammonia (per μg/dL) | 0.002 | [−0.001, 0.005] | 0.18 | 0.006 | [0.000, 0.005] | 0.062 | 0.003 | [0.000, 0.005] | 0.064 |
| Acute Liver Failure (reference Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure) | −0.400 | [−1.29, 0.489] | 0.38 | −0.157 | [−1.05, 0.737] | 0.73 | -- | -- | -- |
| APACHE II (per point) | 0.015 | [−0.072, 0.101] | 0.74 | 0.071 | [−0.031, 0.172] | 0.18 | -- | -- | -- |
| Age (per year) | −0.025 | [−0.052, 0.002] | 0.074 | −0.039 | [−0.088, −0.005] | 0.022 | −0.021 | [−0.044, 0.002] | 0.082 |
| MELD-Na (per point) | -- | -- | -- | −0.039 | [−0.088, 0.010] | 0.13 | −0.052 | [−0.095, −0.009] | 0.020 |
| Admission Creatinine (per mg/dL) | -- | -- | -- | −0.132 | [−0.415, 0.151] | 0.36 | -- | -- | -- |
| Heart Rate (per beat/minute) | -- | -- | -- | −0.017 | [−0.041, 0.007] | 0.18 | -- | -- | -- |
GCS=Glasgow coma scale, OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval, APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation—II, INR = International normalized ratio, PaO2/FiO2 = partial pressure of oxygen to inhaled fraction of oxygen, MELD-Na = Model for End-Stage Liver Disease—Sodium
The proportional odds ordinal regression model generates one covariate adjusted odds ratio for each predictor variable in the model. This odds ratio represents the effect estimate corresponding to a one-unit change in the predictor variable. For each predictor variable, the ordinal regression odds ratio represents the odds of a higher GCS versus a lower GCS being observed and this value is the same for each step on the GCS scale where the GCS may be dichotomized as higher versus lower observed GCS.
Two-sided P≤0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.