Table 3:
Factors independently associated with persistent or increased posttransplant opioid use
| Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% C.I.) |
P- value |
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% C.I.) |
P- value |
Est. % outcome |
|
| Preoperative opioid fill duration | |||||
| Opioid-naïve (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 52% | ||
| Intermittent use | 4.77 (3.55, 6.39) | <0.001 | 4.98 (3.66, 6.78) | <0.001 | 83% |
| Chronic use | 2.50 (1.65, 3.79) | <0.001 | 2.49 (1.61, 3.87) | <0.001 | 72% |
| Sex | |||||
| Female (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 63% | ||
| Male | 1.11 (0.87, 1.42) | 0.413 | 1.16 (0.88, 1.54) | 0.294 | 66% |
| Age | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.330 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.269 | N/A |
| Income | |||||
| <$40k | 1.59 (0.16, 15.39) | 0.691 | 1.74 (0.15, 19.76) | 0.655 | 77% |
| $40k-$50k | 1.36 (0.55, 3.34) | 0.504 | 0.99 (0.37, 2.67) | 0.982 | 67% |
| $50k-$60k | 1.10 (0.77, 1.59) | 0.589 | 0.86 (0.56, 1.31) | 0.472 | 64% |
| $60k-$70k | 0.96 (0.72, 1.27) | 0.752 | 0.87 (0.63, 1.20) | 0.387 | 64% |
| ≥$70k (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 67% | ||
| Missing | 0.88 (0.60, 1.28) | 0.502 | 0.85 (0.55, 1.32) | 0.474 | 64% |
| Region | |||||
| Northeast (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 65% | ||
| North Central | 1.11 (0.77, 1.58) | 0.576 | 0.79 (0.53, 1.19) | 0.255 | 60% |
| South | 1.78 (1.31, 2.43) | <0.001 | 1.36 (0.94, 1.97) | 0.104 | 70% |
| West | 1.02 (0.71, 1.47) | 0.914 | 0.81 (0.54, 1.22) | 0.308 | 60% |
| Unknown | 0.41 (0.10, 1.76) | 0.230 | 0.46 (0.09, 2.31) | 0.347 | 48% |
| Insurance plan | |||||
| Preferred Provider Organization (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 65% | ||
| Comprehensive | 1.24 (0.74, 2.07) | 0.411 | 1.30 (0.74, 2.28) | 0.367 | 70% |
| Health Maintenance Organization | 1.28 (0.85, 1.93) | 0.242 | 1.29 (0.82, 2.02) | 0.269 | 70% |
| Point of Service | 1.18 (0.78, 1.79) | 0.442 | 1.05 (0.66, 1.64) | 0.848 | 66% |
| Other | 1.23 (0.79, 1.91) | 0.364 | 1.22 (0.76, 1.96) | 0.418 | 69% |
| Missing | 0.41 (0.26, 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.23, 0.67) | 0.001 | 46% |
| Number of comorbidities (Elixhauser) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.04) | 0.807 | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | 0.969 | N/A |
| Psychiatric comorbidity | |||||
| No (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 64% | ||
| Yes | 1.12 (0.88, 1.44) | 0.350 | 1.16 (0.86, 1.57) | 0.338 | 67% |
| Any pain diagnosis | |||||
| No (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 62% | ||
| Yes | 1.29 (0.94, 1.77) | 0.116 | 1.22 (0.86, 1.73) | 0.275 | 66% |
| Liver disease etiology | |||||
| Hepatitis C (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 67% | ||
| Alcohol-related | 1.07 (0.76, 1.51) | 0.700 | 0.93 (0.62, 1.39) | 0.713 | 66% |
| Both Hepatitis C and alcohol-related | 1.12 (0.78, 1.61) | 0.537 | 1.02 (0.67, 1.55) | 0.931 | 68% |
| Other | 0.91 (0.67, 1.23) | 0.553 | 0.76 (0.53, 1.08) | 0.120 | 62% |
| Hepatobiliary malignancy | |||||
| No (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 69% | ||
| Yes | 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) | 0.255 | 0.62 (0.47, 0.83) | 0.001 | 60% |
| Hospital Length of stay >21d | |||||
| No (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 66% | ||
| Yes | 0.76 (0.58, 0.99) | 0.045 | 0.78 (0.57, 1.07) | 0.130 | 61% |
| Discharge destination | |||||
| Home (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 64% | ||
| Facility | 0.80 (0.57, 1.12) | 0.197 | 1.0 (0.67, 1.49) | 0.999 | 64% |
| Missing | 1.62 (1.04, 2.52) | 0.031 | 1.66 (1.02, 2.68) | 0.040 | 74% |
This table shows the results of the univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis for the outcome of persistent or increased posttransplant opioid use. For the multivariate model, all variables listed in the table were included in the same model. The right-most column lists the estimated incidence of the outcome, persistent or increased posttransplant opioid use, for each level of the categorical variables. This is the output of the logistic regression model, also known as the marginal probability of outcome. This is not possible to compute for the continuous variables. C.I.=confidence interval.