Table 3.
Comparisons of Variables Between Patients with and without PCCs
| Variables | Patients without PCCs (n=441) | Patients with PCCs (n=106) | χ2 | OR | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≧85 years | 97 (22.0) | 38 (35.8) | 8.823 | 1.982 | 0.003 |
| Sex = male | 234 (53.1) | 49 (46.2) | 1.599 | 0.760 | 0.206 |
| BMI ≧30 kg/m2 | 14 (3.2) | 8 (7.5) | 4.233 | 2.490 | 0.040 |
| Smoking history | 119 (27.0) | 32 (30.2) | 0.439 | 1.170 | 0.508 |
| Current smoking | 53 (12.0) | 15 (14.2) | 0.357 | 1.207 | 0.550 |
| ASA classification III/IV | 209 (47.4) | 62 (58.5) | 4.211 | 1.564 | 0.040 |
| NYHA classification III/IV | 65 (14.7) | 20 (18.9) | 1.110 | 1.346 | 0.292 |
| History of CABG | 22 (5.0) | 3 (2.8) | 0.913 | 0.555 | 0.339 |
| History of angioplasty | 82 (18.6) | 20 (18.9) | 0.004 | 1.018 | 0.948 |
| History of MI | 75 (17.0) | 28 (26.4) | 4.949 | 1.752 | 0.026 |
| History of MI within 6 months | 5 (1.1) | 4 (3.8) | 3.680 | 3.420 | 0.055 |
| History of HF | 20 (4.5) | 13 (12.3) | 9.005 | 2.942 | 0.003 |
| History of HF within 6 months | 15 (3.4) | 10 (9.4) | 7.131 | 2.958 | 0.008 |
| History of angina within 6 months | 80 (18.1) | 35 (33.0) | 11.393 | 2.224 | 0.001 |
| History of UA within 6 months | 22 (5.0) | 15 (14.2) | 11.375 | 3.139 | 0.001 |
| METs <4 | 63 (14.3) | 33 (31.1) | 16.761 | 2.712 | 0.000 |
| HTN without regular treatment | 35 (7.9) | 15 (14.2) | 3.974 | 1.912 | 0.046 |
| History of cerebral infarction | 83 (18.8) | 20 (18.9) | 0.000 | 1.003 | 0.991 |
| History of cerebral/peripheral vascular disease | 136 (30.8) | 44 (41.5) | 4.407 | 1.592 | 0.036 |
| History of diabetes | 122 (27.7) | 35 (33.0) | 1.197 | 1.289 | 0.274 |
| Treatment with insulin | 40 (9.1) | 14 (13.2) | 1.644 | 1.526 | 0.200 |
| Preoperative bradycardia | 1(0.2) | 1 (0.9) | 1.205 | 4.190 | 0.272 |
| Preoperative tachycardia | 7 (1.6) | 6 (5.7) | 6.111 | 3.720 | 0.013 |
| Preoperative Hct <37% | 221 (50.1) | 68 (64.2) | 6.758 | 1.781 | 0.009 |
| Preoperative Hb <110 g/L | 113(25.6) | 35 (33.0) | 2.368 | 1.431 | 0.124 |
| Preoperative Ccr <50 mL/min | 246 (55.8) | 76 (71.7) | 8.940 | 2.008 | 0.003 |
| Preoperative ECG arrhythmia | 138 (31.3) | 34 (32.1) | 0.024 | 1.037 | 0.876 |
| Preoperative ECF AF | 30 (6.8) | 11 (10.4) | 1.575 | 1.586 | 0.209 |
| Preoperative ECG ST-T abnormality | 203 (46.0) | 75 (70.8) | 20.900 | 2.836 | 0.000 |
| Preoperative ECG Q wave | 34 (7.7) | 13 (12.3) | 2.257 | 1.673 | 0.133 |
| Preoperative EF <50% | 13 (2.9) | 5 (4.7) | 0.840 | 1.630 | 0.359 |
| Preoperative EF <55% | 25 (5.7) | 12 (11.3) | 4.328 | 2.124 | 0.037 |
| Preoperative RWMA | 62 (14.1) | 23 (21.7) | 3.800 | 1.694 | 0.051 |
| Preoperative PAH | 30 (6.8) | 3(2.8) | 2.379 | 0.399 | 0.123 |
| Vascular surgery | 47 (10.7) | 10 (9.4) | 1.137 | 0.873 | 0.711 |
| General anesthesia | 329 (74.6) | 76 (71.7) | 0.375 | 0.862 | 0.540 |
| Intraoperative inhalation anesthetics | 303 (68.7) | 71(67.0) | 0.118 | 0.924 | 0.731 |
| Intraoperative nitrous oxide | 231 (52.4) | 61 (57.5) | 0.971 | 1.232 | 0.388 |
| Blood loss ≧500 mL | 69 (15.6) | 11 (10.4) | 1.900 | 0.624 | 0.168 |
| Intraoperative blood transfusion | 83 (18.8) | 25 (23.6) | 1.224 | 1.331 | 0.269 |
| Intraoperative blood transfusions ≧500mL | 36 (8.2) | 11 (10.4) | 0.533 | 1.303 | 0.465 |
| Operation time >2.5 h | 121 (27.4) | 40 (37.7) | 4.364 | 1.603 | 0.037 |
| Anesthesia time >3 h | 140 (31.7) | 51 (48.1) | 10.074 | 1.994 | 0.002 |
| Intraoperative hypotension | 60 (13.6) | 27 (25.5) | 8.997 | 2.170 | 0.003 |
| Intraoperative hypoxia | 2 (0.5) | 3 (2.8) | 5.330 | 6.393 | 0.021 |
| Admitted into ICU postoperatively | 247 (56.0) | 79 (74.5) | 12.127 | 2.298 | 0.000 |
| Drainage ≧200 mL within 24 h | 63 (14.3) | 27 (25.5) | 7.779 | 2.051 | 0.005 |
Notes: BMI classifications was consistent with the World Health Organization BMI cut-off points of Obese; bradycardia was defined as the baseline heartbeat <50 beats/min when the patient was awake and calm; tachycardia was defined as the baseline heartbeat >100 beats/min when the patient was awake and calm. Results were presented as n (%).
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index (weight/height2); CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; Ccr, creatinine clearance rate; ECG, electrocardiograph; EF, ejection fraction; Hb, hemoglobin; Hct, hematocrit; HF, heart failure; HTN, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; METs, metabolic equivalents; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OR, odds ratio; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; PCCs, perioperative cardiac complications; RWMA, regional wall motion abnormality; UA, unstable angina.