Table 1.
Relation between HSIC and night pain, ROM and MMT.
| Night pain, n (%) | Those without HSIC (n = ) |
Those with HSIC (n = ) |
Total |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 (41.5) | 139 (84.2) | 166 (72.2) | <0.01 | |
| Range of motion, mean (SD) | ||||
| Forward flexion | 157 (14) | 141 (30) | <0.01 | |
| External rotation with arm at side | 52 (13) | 46 (16) | <0.01 | |
| External rotation with arm at 90° abduction | 75 (13) | 71 (18) | <0.01 | |
| Internal rotation | 2.8 (1.0) | 2.2 (1.0) | <0.01 | |
| Manual muscle testing, median (IQR) | ||||
| Abduction | 5 (4–5) | 5 (4–5) | 0.18 | |
| External rotation. | 5 (4–5) | 5 (5–5) | 0.46 | |
| Internal rotation. | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–5) | 0.19 | |
ROM FF:forward flexion, ER1:external rotation with arm at side, ER2:external rotation with arm at 90° abduction, IR:internal rotation, MMT Abd: abduction, ER: external rotation.
ROM of IR indicated 4 levels, 1: the buttocks, 2: 5th to 3rd lumbar spine, 3: 3rd to 1st lumbar spine, 4: thoracic spine and above, SD: standard deviation, %:percentile.
HSIC: High signal intensity changes in the joint capsule in MRI.