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. 2020 Aug 3;10:12998. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69845-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The associations of gut microbial metabolites and species. (A) Taxa heatmap via metagenomics reveals the microbial composition at the species level and only the top 20 in relative abundance based on Bray–Curtis distance are presented in the diagram. (B,C) PLS-DA score charts in the negative and positive ion mode are suggestive of the difference in metabolites between the groups (q ≤ 0.05, VIP ≥ 1.0 and |log2FC|> 1). The discreteness of symbols in different colors represent the distribution trend of the two groups on the PC1 and PC2 axes, respectively. (D,E) Network of differentially expressed species and metabolites in the negative and positive ion mode. The yellow triangles represent the species and the purple circles the metabolites. The solid line indicates a positive correlation, and the dashed line shows a negative correlation between the species and metabolites.