Table 1.

Mechanical Characteristics of Neural Electrodes

Material	Young's Modulus (GPa)	Shape	Dimension (w × h for Slab)	Bending Stiffness (pNm2)	Critical Buckling Load (mN)
Silicon (Du et al., 2017; Subbaroyan et al., 2005)	179	Slab L = 1 mm	50 μm × 15 μm	2.52 × 103	300.8
Parylene-C (Castagnola et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2013a; Noh et al., 2004; Weltman et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2018)	3		50 μm × 15 μm	42.2	5.04
Polyimide (Jeon et al., 2014; Mercanzini et al., 2008; Rousche et al., 2001)	2.5		50 μm × 15 μm	35.2	4.20
SU-8 (Robin et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2016)	2.3		50 μm × 15 μm	32.3	3.87
SU-8 (Luan et al., 2017; Xie et al., 2015)	2.3		50 μm × 1 μm	0.0096	0.2366
SU-8 (Luan et al., 2017; Wei et al., 2018)	2.3		10 μm × 1 μm	.0019	1.9 × 10−3
SU-8 (Yang et al., 2019)	2.3		4 μm × 1 μm	7.7 × 10−4	1.29 × 10−4
Carbon nanotube multilayer (Zhang et al., 2013)	202		50 μm × 15 μm	2.84 × 103	339.5
PDMS (Minev et al., 2012)	3.6 × 10−3		50 μm × 15 μm	0.05	6.1 × 10−3
Nanocomposite (poly(vinylacetate) and cellulose) (Harris et al., 2011)	0.012		50 μm × 15 μm	0.17	0.0202
Soft OSTE (thiol-ene-epoxy) (Lee et al., 2017)	6 × 10−3		50 μm × 15 μm	0.084	0.0101
Soft elastomeric conducting wire (Du et al., 2017)	9.74 × 10−4		50 μm × 15 μm	0.014	1.6 × 10−3
Stainless steel (Thelin et al., 2011)	200	Wire L = 1 mm	d = 50 μm	6.14 × 104	1,211
Tungsten (Harris et al., 2011)	411		d = 50 μm	1.26 × 105	2,489
Carbon fiber (Kozai et al., 2012a)	234		d = 7.5 μm	36.3	0.717
Carbon nanotube (Xie et al., 2012)	950		d = 150 nm L = 1.5 μm	2.36 × 10−5	0.207