TABLE 3.

Positive and negative aspects of different treatment modalities

reatment modality	Pros	Cons	Success rate
Root canal treatment (RCT)	High success rate Effective on IR infections	Not effective against ER infections	85-94%
Antimicrobial endodontic therapy	Effective on IR infections	Chance of hypersensitivity	These are used in combination with other techniques
Overinstrumentation	Providing drainage through the canal	Risk of transporting the microorganisms beyond the apical foramen
Apexum	Effective against granulomas and cysts	Needs access through root canal space
GentleWave	Superior tissue dissolution ability Greater ability to remove residual debris	Costly Not available worldwide
Nonsurgical retreatment	Effective against IR infection	Lower success rate compared with RCT Costly in case of any needs for sacrificing previous restorations	74-82%
Periapical Surgery	Effective against ER infection	Risk of damage to surrounding tissues Patient discomfort	60-91%
Marsupialization, decompression, and enucleation	Management of large cyst	Time consuming Need patient cooperation	Not available