FIGURE 4.
Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in vivo of patients with encephalitis and lacunar infarction. (A) Conventional T2w imaging, T2Flair, and diffusion-weighted images (DWI) could not discriminate encephalitis and lacunar infarction (LI), but GluCEST MRI could distinguish between them. (B) Z-spectrum demonstrated that a small signal dip at 3.0 ppm (green circle) was observed in the inflamed regions but not observed in the LI regions, indicating that inflammation is a cause of the elevated local glutamate concentration. (C) GluCEST signal was elevated in patients with encephalitis and decreased in patients with LI (n = 6, Student’s t test, two-tailed, unpaired, ****p < 0.0001).