TABLE 3.

Music sleep study characteristics and methods.

Source	Participants	Intervention/treatment	Genre	Features of music	Selection	Schedule	Duration of each treatment	Number of exposures
Shum et al. (2014)	Older community-dwelling adults	Music No treatment	Western Classical, Chinese Classical, New Age, and Jazz	Soft volume Instrumental 60–80 BPM	Participant selected from a list	Not specified	40 min	35
Jespersen and Vuust (2012)	Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Refugees	Music and pillow Pillow only	New Age	Classical instrumentation Nature sounds 52 BPM Stable dynamic contour Repetitive and simple structure	Prescribed to participants	At bedtime	60 min	21
Harmat et al. (2008)	Students with sleep complaints	Music Audiobook No treatment	Classical	Not specified	Prescribed to participants	At bedtime	45 min	21
Deshmukh et al. (2009)	Depressed patients	Music Antidepressants	Raagas	Flute-based compositions	Prescribed to participants	At bedtime	45 min	45
Lai and Good (2005)	Older community-dwelling adults	Music No treatment	New Age, Eclectic, Popular Oldies, Classical, Slow Jazz, Chinese Folk Music	60–80 BPM No accented beats No percussive characteristics No syncopation	Participant selected from a list	At bedtime	45 min	21
Chan et al. (2010)	Elderly people	Music No treatment	Western Classical, Chinese Classical, Meditative, and Jazz	Flowing Instrumental 60–80 BPM	Participant selected from a list	Not specified	30 min	3

BPM, beats per minute.