Table 2. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses of the characteristics for overall survival in patients with small cell carcinoma of esophagus.
Factor | Category | Univariate | Multivariate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |||
Age | ≤68 | Reference | Reference | |||
>68 | 1.39 (1.16–1.67) | <0.01 | 1.33 (1.10–1.61) | <0.01 | ||
Gender | Female | Reference | ||||
Male | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | 0.53 | ||||
Race | White | Reference | ||||
Black | 1.11 (0.87–1.42) | 0.40 | ||||
Other | 0.75 (0.50–1.11) | 0.14 | ||||
Pathological differentiation | Well/moderately | Reference | ||||
Poorly/undifferentiated | 1.58 (0.70–3.52) | 0.27 | ||||
Primary site | Cervical esophagus | Reference | ||||
Upper third of esophagus | 1.08 (0.53–2.02) | 0.82 | ||||
Middle third of esophagus | 1.25 (0.66–2.38) | 0.50 | ||||
Lower third of esophagus | 1.17 (0.62–2.21) | 0.62 | ||||
Overlapping lesion of esophagus | 1.97 (0.95–4.08) | 0.06 | ||||
Marital | Married | Reference | ||||
Single | 1.18 (0.89–1.89) | 0.24 | ||||
Divorced/widowed/separated | 1.24 (1.02–1.52) | 0.04 | ||||
Summary stage | Localized | Reference | ||||
Regional | 1.06 (0.77–1.47) | 0.71 | ||||
Distant | 2.31 (1.76–3.02) | <0.01 | ||||
TNM | I | Reference | ||||
II | 0.96 (0.52–1.77) | 0.89 | ||||
III | 0.77 (0.44–1.36) | 0.37 | ||||
IV | 2.14 (1.40–3.29) | <0.01 | ||||
Tumor size | T1 | Reference | ||||
T2 | 0.61 (0.22–1.67) | 0.33 | ||||
T3 | 0.87 (0.57–1.33) | 0.53 | ||||
T4 | 1.43 (0.95–2.16) | 0.09 | ||||
Lymph node metastases | N0 | Reference | ||||
N1 | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | 0.31 | ||||
Distant metastases | M0 | Reference | ||||
M1 | 2.42 (1.82–3.22) | <0.01 | 2.28 (1.68–3.08) | 0.01 | ||
Surgery | Yes/no | 0.77 (0.51–0.88) | 0.04 | 0.77 (0.55–1.09) | 0.14 | |
Radiation | Yes/no | 0.56 (0.46–0.67) | <0.01 | 0.67 (0.55–0.81) | <0.01 | |
Chemotherapy | Yes/no + unknown | 0.37 (0.30–0.45) | <0.01 | 0.40 (0.32–0.48) | <0.01 | |
Treatment strategy | Non-treatment | Reference | Reference | |||
Chemotherapy | 0.37 (0.26–0.44) | <0.01 | 0.32 (0.24–0.41) | <0.01 | ||
Radiotherapy | 0.48 (0.34–0.68) | <0.01 | 0.46 (0.33–0.65) | <0.01 | ||
CR | 0.21 (0.16–0.27) | <0.01 | 0.23 (0.18–0.30) | <0.01 | ||
Surgery | 0.39 (0.21–0.72) | <0.01 | 0.52 (0.28–0.97) | <0.01 | ||
SC | 0.17 (0.08–0.36) | <0.01 | 0.19 (0.09–0.42) | <0.01 | ||
SR | 0.85 (0.31–2.29) | 0.75 | 0.99 (0.37–2.74) | 0.68 | ||
SCR | 0.18 (0.10–0.31) | <0.01 | 0.23 (0.13–0.39) | <0.01 |
SC, surgery combined with chemotherapy; SR, surgery combined with radiotherapy; CR, chemoradiotherapy; SCR, surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy.