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. 2020 Jul;12(7):3529–3538. doi: 10.21037/jtd-20-1428

Table 2. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses of the characteristics for overall survival in patients with small cell carcinoma of esophagus.

Factor Category Univariate Multivariate
HR (95% CI) P value HR (95% CI) P value
Age ≤68 Reference Reference
>68 1.39 (1.16–1.67) <0.01 1.33 (1.10–1.61) <0.01
Gender Female Reference
Male 0.94 (0.78–1.13) 0.53
Race White Reference
Black 1.11 (0.87–1.42) 0.40
Other 0.75 (0.50–1.11) 0.14
Pathological differentiation Well/moderately Reference
Poorly/undifferentiated 1.58 (0.70–3.52) 0.27
Primary site Cervical esophagus Reference
Upper third of esophagus 1.08 (0.53–2.02) 0.82
Middle third of esophagus 1.25 (0.66–2.38) 0.50
Lower third of esophagus 1.17 (0.62–2.21) 0.62
Overlapping lesion of esophagus 1.97 (0.95–4.08) 0.06
Marital Married Reference
Single 1.18 (0.89–1.89) 0.24
Divorced/widowed/separated 1.24 (1.02–1.52) 0.04
Summary stage Localized Reference
Regional 1.06 (0.77–1.47) 0.71
Distant 2.31 (1.76–3.02) <0.01
TNM I Reference
II 0.96 (0.52–1.77) 0.89
III 0.77 (0.44–1.36) 0.37
IV 2.14 (1.40–3.29) <0.01
Tumor size T1 Reference
T2 0.61 (0.22–1.67) 0.33
T3 0.87 (0.57–1.33) 0.53
T4 1.43 (0.95–2.16) 0.09
Lymph node metastases N0 Reference
N1 0.86 (0.64–1.15) 0.31
Distant metastases M0 Reference
M1 2.42 (1.82–3.22) <0.01 2.28 (1.68–3.08) 0.01
Surgery Yes/no 0.77 (0.51–0.88) 0.04 0.77 (0.55–1.09) 0.14
Radiation Yes/no 0.56 (0.46–0.67) <0.01 0.67 (0.55–0.81) <0.01
Chemotherapy Yes/no + unknown 0.37 (0.30–0.45) <0.01 0.40 (0.32–0.48) <0.01
Treatment strategy Non-treatment Reference Reference
Chemotherapy 0.37 (0.26–0.44) <0.01 0.32 (0.24–0.41) <0.01
Radiotherapy 0.48 (0.34–0.68) <0.01 0.46 (0.33–0.65) <0.01
CR 0.21 (0.16–0.27) <0.01 0.23 (0.18–0.30) <0.01
Surgery 0.39 (0.21–0.72) <0.01 0.52 (0.28–0.97) <0.01
SC 0.17 (0.08–0.36) <0.01 0.19 (0.09–0.42) <0.01
SR 0.85 (0.31–2.29) 0.75 0.99 (0.37–2.74) 0.68
SCR 0.18 (0.10–0.31) <0.01 0.23 (0.13–0.39) <0.01

SC, surgery combined with chemotherapy; SR, surgery combined with radiotherapy; CR, chemoradiotherapy; SCR, surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy.