Figure 5.

Forest plot of included trials and trials focusing on high-risk patients. High-risk patients for reintubation were defined as patients who fulfilled at least one of the following criteria: (I) age >65 years; (II) APACHE II score >12 on the extubation day; (III) inability to cope with respiratory secretions; (IV) patients with difficult weaning or prolonged MV made the first attempt to disconnect the ventilator; (V) two or more comorbidities; (VI) heart failure as the main indication for MV; (VII) moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; (VIII) airway patency problems, including a high risk of developing throat edema; and (IX) MV for >7 days. MV, mechanical ventilation; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; COT, conventional oxygen therapy; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; CI, confidence interval.