Table 1.

Issues, coordination and collaboration needs and expected outcomes of One Health at global, regional, and national levels.

Sources: Based on World Bank (2018) and Barrett and Osofsky (2013)

Category	Global	Regional	National
Issues affecting:	Many countries across continents	Group of countries geographically close	An individual country
Examples of diseases	Pandemics, AMR, zoonotic influenza, rabies, non-zoonotic diseases (foot and mouth disease, peste des petits ruminants)	Ebola, Rift Valley fever, brucellosis, human and animal trypanosomiasis	Neglected zoonotic diseases, ecto/endo parasitic infections, arboviruses (West Nile and other encephalitis, CCH fever)
Coordination and collaboration needs
Geographically	Among all countries in the world	Among countries in the same agro-ecological zones	Among different levels of government (national, provincial, local) within a single country
Sectorally	Government agencies, nonprofit and international organizations, academia, research centers, private sector, civil society
Disciplinary	Human medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, environmental science, ecology, environmental health, conservation, biology, dentistry, nursing, social sciences, humanities, engineering, economics, educations, and public policy
Expected outcomes	Reduced human morbidity, improved animal welfare, public health protection, financial savings, improved resource efficiency (including time due to rapid information sharing)