Table 1.
Demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of the patients.
| Total, n = 116 | Non-AKI, n = 104 | AKI, n = 12 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.0 (55.0, 69.0), n = 116 | 62.0 (55.0, 69.0), n = 104 | 66.0 (56.8, 73.0), n = 12 | 0.386 |
| <40 | 9 (7.8%) | 9 (8.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.595 |
| 40–49 | 5 (4.3%) | 3 (2.9%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.083 |
| 50–59 | 32 (27.6%) | 30 (28.8%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.58 |
| 60–69 | 42 (36.2%) | 38 (36.5%) | 4 (33.3%) | – |
| 70–79 | 19 (16.4%) | 15 (14.4%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.206 |
| >80 | 9 (7.8%) | 9 (8.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.595 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 62 (53.4%) | 52 (50.0%) | 10 (83.3%) | 0.028 |
| Female | 54 (46.6%) | 52 (50.0%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
| Exposure history | 40 (34.5%) | 35 (33.7%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.816 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Any | 62 (53.4%) | 53 (51.0%) | 9 (75.0%) | 0.114 |
| Hypertension | 47 (40.5%) | 40 (38.5%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.309 |
| Diabetes | 20 (17.2%) | 17 (16.3%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.728 |
| CHD | 12 (10.3%) | 9 (8.7%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.208 |
| CD | 7 (6.0%) | 7 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
| Malignancy | 10 (8.6%) | 9 (8.7%) | 1 (8.3%) | – |
| Hyperuricemia | 2 (1.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.197 |
| Hypothyroidism | 3 (2.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.028 |
| COPD | 3 (2.6%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.282 |
| Other | 9 (7.8%)* | 9 (8.7%)* | 0 (0.0%) | 0.595 |
| Fever | 93 (80.2%) | 81 (77.9%) | 12 (100.0%) | 0.151 |
| Cough | 70 (60.3%) | 64 (61.5%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.644 |
| Sputum | 30 (25.9%) | 28 (26.9%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.674 |
| Chest distress | 17 (14.7%) | 13 (12.5%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.133 |
| Dyspnea | 28 (24.1%) | 22 (21.1%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.064 |
| Headache | 8 (6.9%) | 8 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
| Myalgia | 11 (9.5%) | 9 (8.7%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.318 |
| Fatigue | 38 (32.8%) | 33 (31.7%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.712 |
| Hypersomnia | 2 (1.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.197 |
| Nausea | 7 (6.0%) | 5 (4.8%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.154 |
| Anorexia | 15 (12.9%) | 13 (12.5%) | 2 (16.7%) | – |
| Diarrhea | 27 (23.3%) | 26 (25.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.351 |
| Asymptomatic | 3 (2.6%) | 3 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
| Body temperature (°C) | 37.8 (36.7, 38.5) | 37.7 (36.6, 38.5) | 37.9 (36.8,38.5) | 0.72 |
| ≤37.3 | 44 (37.9%) | 40 (38.5%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.974 |
| 37.4–38 | 32 (27.6%) | 27 (26.0%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.417 |
| 38.1–39 | 35 (30.2%) | 33 (31.7%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.457 |
| ≥39.1 | 5 (4.3%) | 4 (3.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.427 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.0 (120.0, 141.0), n = 116 | 130.0 (120.0, 141.0), n = 104 | 137.5 (131.3, 148.8), n = 12 | 0.121 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.5 (75.0, 90.0), n = 116 | 80.0 (74.3, 90.0), n = 104 | 84.0 (76.3, 90.0), n = 12 | 0.43 |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 20.0 (20.0, 24.0), n = 116 | 20.0 (20.0, 22.8), n = 104 | 20.5 (20.0, 27.5), n = 12 | 0.302 |
| >24 | 30 (25.9%) | 25 (24.0%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.331 |
| Pulse (bpm) | 91.0 (80.0, 105.0), n = 116 | 90.0 (80.0, 105.0), n = 104 | 97.5 (87.0, 117.8), n = 12 | 0.149 |
| Type of diagnosis | ||||
| Clinical diagnosis | 39 (33.6%) | 35 (33.7%) | 4 (33.3%) | – |
| Laboratory diagnosis | 77 (66.4%) | 69 (66.3%) | 8 (66.7%) | – |
| Clinical classification | – | |||
| Noncritical | 93 (80.2%) | 88 (84.6%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.002 |
| Critical | 23 (19.8%) | 16 (15.4%) | 7 (58.3%) | |
*
Others including coma, pulmonary tuberculosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hemoptysis, hepatitis B, hyperlipidemia, anemia, chronic gastric, asthma. Continuous variables were presented as median (IQR). Categorical variables were presented as n (%), and percentages do not total 100% owing to missing data. AKI, acute kidney injury; CHD, coronary heart disease; CD, cerebrovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.