Table 2.
Laboratory and radiographic findings of the patients on admission.
| Total, n = 116 | Non-AKI, n = 104 | AKI, n = 12 | p-value | Normal range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM (AU/mL) | 49.34 (13.96, 106.47), n = 82 | 50.8 (15.2, 106.5), n = 78 | 28.00 (1.90, 199.23), n = 4 | 0.451 | |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG (AU/mL) | 169.76 (108.52, 190.63), n = 82 | 169.99 (109.44, 191.71), n = 78 | 129.35 (26.59, 183.39), n = 4 | 0.401 | ≤10 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM | 2.82 (1.29, 7.11), n = 82 | 2.81 (1.19, 6.21), n = 78 | 8.36 (1.47, 21.32), n = 4 | 0.301 | ≤10 |
| IL-1β, ≥5 (pg/mL) | 39 (33.6%) | 34 (32.7%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.764 | <5 |
| IL-2R (U/mL) | 553.50 (319.25, 897.75), n = 92 | 537.00 (316.00, 861.00), n = 82 | 1172.50 (715.00, 2285.75), n = 10 | 0.006 | 223–710 |
| <710 | 36 (31.0%) | 28 (26.9%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.013 | |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 15.57 (3.07, 39.62), n = 96 | 11.61 (2.71, 37.82), n = 86 | 32.85 (20.15, 401.90), n = 10 | 0.017 | <7 |
| <7 | 63 (54.3%) | 54 (51.9%) | 9 (75.0%) | 0.129 | |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 15.95 (7.98, 43.75), n = 90 | 14.40 (7.55, 42.00), n = 80 | 22.45 (16.08, 62.13), n = 10 | 0.284 | <62 |
| IL-10, ≥9.1 (pg/mL) | 22 (19.0%) | 17 (16.3%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.084 | <9.1 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 8.40 (5.95, 11.75), n = 93 | 8.20 (5.78, 10.53), n = 82 | 15.70 (9.20, 19.10), n = 11 | 0.002 | <8.1 |
| <8.1 | 52 (44.8%) | 42 (40.4%) | 10 (83.3%) | 0.005 | |
| PCT (ng/mL) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.15), n = 97 | 0.05 (0.03, 0.12), n = 85 | 1.08 (0.08, 1.78), n = 12 | <0.0001 | 0.02–0.05 |
| <0.05 | 57 (49.1%) | 57 (54.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.0001 | |
| 0.05–0.1 | 27 (23.3%) | 23 (22.1%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.61 | |
| >0.1 | 32 (27.6%) | 24 (23.1%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.004 | |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 40.10 (12.65, 124.10), n = 92 | 36.10 (9.70, 116.30), n = 81 | 105.50 (39.10, 174.00), n = 11 | 0.035 | <1 |
| ≥1 | 85 (73.3%) | 74 (71.2%) | 11 (91.7%) | 0.24 | |
| ESR (mm/H) | 32.0 (17.0, 65.5), n = 52 | 28.0 (15.3, 58.0), n = 46 | 55.5 (31.0, 84.8), n = 6 | 0.094 | 2–20 |
| Elevated | 33 (28.4%) | 27 (25.0%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.159 | |
| Leukocyte count (× 109 per L) | 6.73 (4.93, 9.92), n = 110 | 6.55 (4.87, 9.37), n = 99 | 12.73 (5.16, 19.20), n = 11 | 0.043 | 3.5–9.5*109 |
| Neutrophil percentage | 78.40 (64.68, 86.55), n = 110 | 75.60 (64.10, 86.20), n = 99 | 83.20 (76.30, 93.30), n = 11 | 0.041 | 40–75 |
| Neutrophil count (× 109 per L) | 4.82 (3.42, 7.53), n = 104 | 4.75 (3.37, 7.07), n = 95 | 6.85 (3.75, 14.99), n = 9 | 0.087 | 1.8–6.3*109 |
| Lymphocyte percentage | 14.25 (7.83, 23.23), n = 108 | 14.70 (8.23, 24.58), n = 96 | 7.50 (3.58, 11.13), n = 12 | 0.003 | 20–50 |
| Lymphocyte count (× 109 per L) | 0.83 (0.53, 1.34), n = 107 | 0.91 (0.54, 1.35), n = 96 | 0.59 (0.42, 0.83), n = 11 | 0.1 | 1.1–3.2*109 |
| Erythrocyte count, (× 1012 per L) | 4.11 (3.63, 4.51), n = 104 | 4.14 (3.69, 4.51), n = 96 | 3.75 (2.73, 4.65), n = 8 | 0.487 | F 3.8–5.1 (M 4.3–5.8)*1012 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 125.0 (108.0, 134.5), n = 109 | 127.0 (110.0, 134.5), n = 97 | 106.0 (83.8, 137.8), n = 12 | 0.089 | F 115–150 (M 130–175) |
| Platelet count (× 109 per L) | 196.00 (157.25, 261.00), n = 102 | 199.50 (158.50, 269.00), n = 92 | 155.50 (121.00, 197.50), n = 10 | 0.021 | 125–350*109 |
| <125 | 12 (10.3%) | 9 (8.7%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.208 | |
| Glucose (μmol/L) | 6.57 (5.50, 8.74), n = 102 | 6.57 (5.37, 8.73), n = 91 | 6.41 (5.80, 9.19), n = 11 | 0.608 | 4.11–6.05 |
| Ferroprotein (μg/L) | 570.8 (276.5, 1241.0), n = 81 | 542.0 (268.0, 1199.5), n = 74 | 1264.0 (416.0, 1652.0), n = 7 | 0.168 | F 15–150 (M 30–400) |
| ALT (U/L) | 27.0 (18.0, 44.0), n = 106 | 28.0 (18.5, 44.0), n = 97 | 23.0 (15.5, 38.5), n = 9 | 0.411 | F <33 (M <41) |
| AST (U/L) | 27.0 (21.0, 39.0), n = 108 | 27.0 (21.0, 38.0), n = 97 | 26.7 (21.0, 48.0), n = 11 | 0.655 | F <32 (M <40) |
| ALP (U/L) | 71.0 (59.0, 91.3), n = 102 | 71.0 (57.5, 89.0), n = 92 | 72.0 (62.8, 171.5), n = 10 | 0.251 | F 35–105 (M 40–130) |
| LDH (U/L) | 302.0 (220.0, 403.0), n = 103 | 291.5 (212.3, 400.0), n = 92 | 356.0 (311.0, 423.0), n = 11 | 0.051 | F 135–214 (M 135–225) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 33.75 (29.98, 39.15), n = 110 | 34.20 (30.90, 39.40), n = 99 | 28.30 (25.70, 33.80), n = 11 | 0.013 | 35–52 |
| ≤25 | 14 (12.1%) | 10 (9.6%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.055 | |
| Globulin (g/L) | 33.4 (30.1, 36.8), n = 96 | 33.1 (30.4, 36.4), n = 88 | 35.9 (27.8, 42.7), n = 8 | 0.533 | 20–35 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 9.55 (6.93, 14.25), n = 102 | 9.60 (6.85, 14.45), n = 93 | 8.30 (6.95, 13.75), n = 9 | 0.728 | F <21 (M <26) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.65 (3.12, 4.34), n = 95 | 3.65 (3.13, 4.43), n = 89 | 3.65 (2.68, 4.63), n = 6 | 0.68 | <5.18 |
| NT-proBNP | 251.0 (64.0, 867.3), n = 82 | 220.5 (49.5, 683.3), n = 72 | 1250.5 (254.5, 3072.8), n = 10 | 0.005 | – |
| Elevated | 29 (25.0%) | 22 (21.2%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.014 | |
| hs-cTnI (pg/mL) | 11.15 (5.50, 24.72), n = 74 | 10.90 (4.80, 19.50), n = 63 | 78.40 (8.90, 241.90), n = 11 | 0.005 | F ≤15.6 (M 34.2) |
| Elevated | 20 (17.2%) | 14 (13.5%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.006 | |
| PT (s) | 14.3 (13.5, 15.1), n = 104 | 14.1 (13.5, 14.9), n = 92 | 15.5 (14.5, 16.2), n = 12 | 0.001 | 11.5–14.5 |
| APPT (s) | 40.1 (36.2, 45.0), n = 93 | 39.7 (35.7, 44.4), n = 83 | 45.8 (42.4, 52.9), n = 10 | 0.003 | 29.0–42.0 |
| Coagulation disorder | 19 (16.4%) | 14 (13.5%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.037 | |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 1.31 (0.49, 4.31), n = 106 | 1.25 (0.48, 3.18), n = 94 | 4.80 (1.47, 18.34), n = 12 | 0.005 | <0.5 |
| Ground-glass opacity | 23 (19.8%) | 20 (19.2%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.926 | |
| Patchy shadow | 6 (5.2%) | 5 (4.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.489 | |
| Infection indicated | 87 (7.5%) | 79 (76.0%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.725 |
Continuous variables were presented as median (IQR) and the number of cases available was noted. Categorical variables were presented as n (%), and percentages do not total 100% owing to missing data. AKI, acute kidney injury; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; PCT, procalcitonin; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; hs-cTnI, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time.