Table 4.
Risk factors associated with COVID-19-related AKI.
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-value | OR | 95% CI for OR | p-value | OR | 95% CI for OR | |||
| Lower limit | Upper limit | Lower limit | Upper limit | |||||
| Age, per 1 year increased, n = 116 | 0.634 | 1.012 | 0.964 | 1.063 | – | – | – | – |
| Sex, ref = female, n = 116 | 0.044 | 5.000 | 1.044 | 23.939 | – | – | – | |
| Comorbidity present, ref = not present, n = 116 | 0.127 | 2.887 | 0.739 | 11.270 | – | – | – | – |
| Clinical classification, ref = non-critical, n = 116 | 0.002 | 7.700 | 2.173 | 27.288 | 0.006 | 8.155 | 1.848 | 35.983 |
| IL-2R, ref = <710 U/mL, n = 116 | 0.009 | 5.429 | 1.515 | 19.448 | – | – | – | – |
| IL-10, ref = <9.1 pg/mL, n = 116 | 0.044 | 3.655 | 1.037 | 12.885 | – | – | – | – |
| TNF-α, ref = <8.1 pg/mL, n = 116 | 0.012 | 7.381 | 1.539 | 35.403 | – | – | – | – |
| PCT, ref = <0.1 ng/mL, n = 116 | 0.004 | 6.667 | 1.846 | 24.073 | 0.037 | 4.822 | 1.095 | 21.228 |
| Neutrophil, per 1% increased, n = 110 | 0.043 | 1.068 | 1.002 | 1.138 | – | – | – | – |
| Lymphocyte, per 1% increased, n = 108 | 0.010 | 0.859 | 0.766 | 0.964 | – | – | – | – |
| Hemoglobin, per 1 g/L increased, n = 109 | 0.068 | 0.977 | 0.953 | 1.002 | – | – | – | – |
| LDH, ref = >214 U/L, n = 116 | 0.059 | 7.452 | 0.927 | 59.900 | – | – | – | – |
| Albumin, ref = >25 g/L, n = 116 | 0.083 | 5.000 | 0.812 | 30.785 | – | – | – | – |
| Total cholesterol, ref = >5.18 mmol/L, n = 116 | 0.970 | 0.960 | 0.111 | 8.306 | – | – | – | – |
| NT-proBNP elevated, ref = normal, n = 116 | 0.009 | 5.218 | 1.509 | 18.039 | – | – | – | – |
| hs-cTnI elevated, ref = normal, n = 116 | 0.004 | 6.429 | 1.816 | 22.753 | – | – | – | – |
| eGFR, ref = <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n = 116 | 0.001 | 16.833 | 3.197 | 88.624 | 0.016 | 13.451 | 1.617 | 111.891 |
| Coagulation disorder, ref = normal, n = 116 | 0.019 | 4.592 | 1.279 | 16.488 | – | – | – | – |
| D-dimer, ref = >1 μg/mL, n = 116 | 0.029 | 10.185 | 1.269 | 81.767 | – | – | – | – |
Multivariable model performance (area under curve [AUC], Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test): AUC 0.849 (95% CI 0.729–0.968), χ2 = 1.231, p = 0.540. Continuous variables were per 1 unit increased. IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; PCT, procalcitonin; hSCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time. NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; hs-cTnI, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I.