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. 2020 Aug 4;26(11):1525–1536. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.024

Table 2.

Laboratory findings of 4035 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 stratified according to vital status at study censoring date

Laboratory parameter Alive (n = 2904) Death (n = 1131) p Total (N = 4035)
Haemoglobin
 No. of patients with data 2860 1120 3980
 Median (IQR) (g/L) 13.8 (12.6–14.9) 12.9 (11.5–14.4) <0.001 13.6 (12.3–14.8)
Haematocrit
 No. of patients with data 2832 1105 3937
 Median (IQR) (%) 41.0 (37.9–44.0) 39.1 (34.8–43.0) <0.001 40.6 (37.0–44.0)
WBC count
 Median (IQR) (×109/L) 5635 (4330–7420) 6900 (5000–9470) <0.001 5910 (4490–7990)
 Distribution <0.001
 >12 000 × 109/L 152/2854 (5.3) 160/1117 (14.3) 312/3971 (7.9)
 <4000 × 109/L 529/2854 (18.5) 137/1117 (12.3) 666/3971 (16.8)
Neutrophil count
 Median (IQR) (/μL) 3920 (2800–5560) 5300 (3530–7700) <0.001 4200 (2920–6120)
 <1000/μL 51/2848 (1.8) 24/1113 (2.2) 0.448 75/3961 (1.9)
Lymphocyte count
 Median (IQR) (/μL) 1000 (700–1360) 780 (540–1160) <0.001 900 (640–1300)
 <1000/μL 1423/2852 (49.9) 727/1111 (65.4) <0.001 2150/3963 (54.2)
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
 Median (IQR) 3.9 (2.5–6.5) 6.6 (3.7–11.4) <0.001 4.5 (2.7–7.7)
 Distribution
 Tertile 1 1094/2839 (38.5) 222/1106 (20.1) <0.001 1316/3945 (33.4)
 Tertile 2 1005/2839 (35.4) 309/1106 (27.9) 1314/3945 (33.3)
 Tertile 3 740/2839 (26.1) 575/1106 (52.0) 1315/3945 (33.3)
Platelets
 Median (IQR) (×109/L) 181 000 (143 000–229 000) 168 000 (130 000–221 000) <0.001 178 000 (139 000–226 000)
 Platelets <150 000 × 109/L 831/2842 (29.2) 416/1118 (37.2) <0.001 1247/3960 (31.5)
Prolonged APTT (>39.2 seconds or ratio >1.25) 161/2232 (7.2) 133/880 (15.1) <0.001 294/3112 (9.4)
INR
 Median (IQR) 1.1 (1.0–1.2) 1.2 (1.1–1.3) <0.001 1.1 (1.0–1.2)
 INR > 1.1 954/2376 (40.1) 549/925 (59.3) <0.001 1503/3301 (45.5)
D-dimer
 Median (IQR) (ng/mL) 548 (328–934) 740 (410–1590) <0.001 580 (339–1040)
 High D-dimer levels (>500 ng/mL) 639/1184 (54.0) 253/379 (66.7) <0.001 892/1563 (57.1)
Glucose
 No. of patients with data 2766 1084 3850
 Median (IQR) (mg/dL) 106 (93–126) 125 (104–165) <0.001 110 (95–136)
Creatinine
 No. of patients with data 2832 1111 3943
 Median (IQR) 0.88 (0.72–1.07) 1.10 (0.84–1.46) <0.001 0.92 (0.74–1.18)
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (CKD-EPI)
 Median (IQR) 84.1 (65.3–97.4) 60.2 (40.1–80.4) <0.001 78.4 (56.5–93.6)
 Distribution <0.001
 >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 2234/2797 (79.9) 552/1098 (50.3) 2786/3895 (71.5)
 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 456/2797 (16.3) 388/1098 (35.3) 844/3895 (21.7)
 <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 107/2797 (3.8) 158/1098 (14.4) 265/3895 (6.8)
Sodium
 No. of patients with data 2825 1109 3934
 Median (IQR) (mEq/L) 138 (135–140) 137 (135–140) 0.008 138 (135–140)
Potassium
 No. of patients with data 2770 1070 3840
 Median (IQR) (mEq/L) 4.1 (3.8–4.4) 4.2 (3.8–4.6) <0.001 4.1 (3.8–4.4)
ALT
 Median (IQR) (U/L) 27 (18–42) 25 (17–38) 0.003 26 (18–41)
 High serum levels ≥40 U/L and ≤200 U/L 630/2369 (26.6) 190/870 (21.8) 0.021 820/3239 (25.3)
 High serum levels >200 U/L 23/2369 (1.0) 8/870 (0.9) 31/3239 (1.0)
AST
 Median (IQR) (U/L) 31 (23–45) 34 (23–52) 0.033 32 (23–48)
 High serum levels ≥ 40 U/L and ≤200 U/L 680/2051 (33.1) 291/750 (38.8) 0.011 971/2801 (34.7)
 High serum levels >200 U/L 17/2051 (0.8) 9/750 (1.2) 26/2801 (0.9)
AST/ALT ratio <0.001
 <1 675/2013 (33.5) 166/733 (22.6) 841/2746 (30.6)
 ≥1 1338/2013 (66.5) 567/733 (77.4) 1905/2746 (69.4)
Total bilirubin
 No. of patients with data 1920 730 2650
 Median (IQR) (mg/dL) 0.50 (0.37–0.71) 0.56 (0.39–0.87) <0.001 0.50 (0.37–0.80)
Serum albumin
 Median (IQR) (g/dL) 3.6 (3.2–4.0) 3.4 (3.0–3.8) <0.001 3.5 (3.2–3.9)
 Low albumin levels (<3.4 g/dL) 310/991 (31.3) 198/420 (47.1) <0.001 508/1411 (36.0)
Lactate dehydrogenase
 Median (IQR) (U/L) 281 (215–382) 318 (250–463) <0.001 290 (224–403)
 High lactate dehydrogenase (>250 U/L) 1154/1895 (60.9) 510/683 (74.7) <0.001 1664/2578 (64.5)
CRP
 Median (IQR) (mg/L) 44 (16–95) 87 (38–168) <0.001 54 (20–116)
 High CRP levels (>5 mg/L) 2388/2654 (90.0) 990/1023 (96.8) <0.001 3378/3677 (91.9)
Procalcitonin
 Median (IQR) (μg/L) 0.09 (0.05–0.16) 0.22 (0.10–0.56) <0.001 0.11 (0.06–0.25)
 High procalcitonin levels (>0.50 μg/L) 105/1135 (9.2) 119/439 (27.1) <0.001 224/1574 (14.2)
Creatine kinase
 Median (IQR) (U/L) 90 (56–169) 101 (56–217) 0.048 92 (56–182)
 High creatine kinase levels (>190 U/L) 184/882 (20.9) 102/336 (30.4) <0.001 286/1218 (23.5)
Ferritin
 Median (IQR) (μg/L) 611 (278–1238) 792 (400–1670) 0.002 649 (301–1363)
 High ferritin levels (>300 μg/L) 315/433 (72.7) 125/153 (81.7) 0.028 440/586 (75.1)
Interleukin 6
 Median (IQR) (pg/mL) 33 (13–77) 117 (40–512) 42 (16–105)
 High interleukin levels (>4.3 pg/mL) 175/201 (87.1) 58/58 (100.0) 0.004 233/259 (90.0)

Values are displayed as n/N with data (%) unless otherwise indicated.

ALT, alanine, aminotransferase; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; WBC, white blood cell count.