Table 3.
Individual sociodemographic correlates of sweet beverage consumption for SB–NEW, soft drinks, and low-calorie sweet beverages.
| Variables | SB–NEW (%) 3,5 | Soft Drinks (%) | Low-Calorie Sweet Beverages (%) 4 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef. | [95% Conf. Interval] | Coef. | [95% Conf. Interval] | Coef. | [95% Conf. Interval] | |||||||
| Sex (M vs. F) | 53.2 | [33.5; | 75.8] | *** | 103.0 | [59.4; | 158.6] | *** | 36.3 | [−4.4; | 94.2] | |
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| 18–29 (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||||||
| 30–44 | −18.0 | [−31.3; | −2.3] | * | −29.5 | [−46.8; | −6.6] | * | 11.3 | [−30.4; | 77.8] | |
| 45–59 | −35.3 | [−46.1; | −22.3] | *** | −60.9 | [−71.1; | −47.1] | *** | −7.2 | [−42.4; | 49.3] | |
| 60–75 | −60.3 | [−67.2; | −52.1] | *** | −77.8 | [−84.4; | −68.5] | *** | −72.1 | [−84.7; | −49.1] | *** |
| Language region 1 | ||||||||||||
| German (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||||||
| French | −25.7 | [−36.6; | −13.1] | *** | −25.8 | [−44.4; | −1.3] | * | −44.7 | [−64.7; | −13.7] | ** |
| Italian | −38.7 | [−54.0; | −18.4] | *** | −33.4 | [−60.1; | 10.9] | −43.2 | [−72.8; | 18.8] | ||
| Low education (primary/secondary vs. tertiary) | 16.0 | [1.4; | 32.6] | * | 55.0 | [22.8; | 95.5] | *** | 8.9 | [−22.2; | 52.5] | |
| Smoking (current smoker vs. non-smoker) | 16.2 | [−0.3; | 35.4] | 23.5 | [−3.1; | 57.5] | 55.5 | [7.9; | 124.1] | * | ||
| BMI group 2 | ||||||||||||
| Normal (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||||||
| Overweight | 2.7 | [−11.4; | 19.1] | 11.5 | [−12.7; | 42.4] | 3.0 | [−30.6; | 53.0] | |||
| Obese | 32.6 | [5.5; | 66.7] | * | 27.6 | [−17.1; | 96.5] | 148.9 | [56.9; | 294.8] | *** | |
| Underweight | 25.1 | [−12.9; | 79.8] | 21.2 | [−22.5; | 89.5] | −41.4 | [−74.0; | 32.1] | |||
| N | 2053 | 2053 | 2053 | |||||||||
Sources: Authors’ calculation using data from the menuCH. All estimates were produced using a generalized linear model (GLM) with a log-link function and robust standard errors. All models controlled for season and recall day of the week and were weighted for sex, age, marital status, major area of Switzerland, nationality, and household size. Reference indicates the reference group. Statistical significance is indicated with a * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. Other covariates such as marital status, nationality, and household status were also explored but not considered for the final analysis, due to multicollinearity, and since they have less explanatory power than the variables finally included in the models. 1 German-speaking region refers to canton Aargau, Basel-Land, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Lucerne, St. Gallen, and Zurich; French-speaking region refers to canton Geneva, Jura, Neuchatel, and Vaud; and Italian-speaking region refers to canton Ticino. 2 BMI group: normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2); overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2); obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2); and underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). 3 SB–NEW definition includes all beverages with free sugars, plant-based milk substitutes, and low-calorie sweet beverages. 4 Low-calorie sweet beverages based on SB–NEW definition. 5 Reading example: Sex was statistically significant associated with the consumption of SB–NEW; men consumed 53.2% more sweet beverages than women.