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The pathological features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the acute phase. In the air space, alveolar macrophages secrete cytokines locally to stimulate chemotaxis and activate neutrophils. Neutrophils can release oxidants, proteases, leukotrienes, and other pro-inflammatory molecules, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF: platelet-activating factor; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; LTs: leukotriene.
