Table 2.
Studies reporting the atypical clinical presentation of COVID-19.
| Author [Ref.] | Country | N° Patients | Males N° (%) |
Age, Years Median (Range) | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastro-intestinal manifestations | |||||
| Guan WJ, et al. [21] | China | 1099 | 640 (58.1%) | 47 (35–58) | 55 (5.0%) nausea or vomiting 42 (3.8%) diarrhea |
| Chen N, et al. [25] | China | 99 | 67 (68%) | 55 (21–82) | 43 (43%)liver function abnormality |
| Huang C, et al. [26] | China | 41 | 30 (73%) | 49 (IQR 41–58) | 1 (3%) diarrhea |
| Pan L, et al. [31] | China | 204 | 107 (52%) | 52.9 ± 16 | 103 (50.5%) digestive symptom 81 (78.6%) lack of appetite35 (34%) diarrhea 4 (3.9%) vomiting 2 (1.9%) abdominal pain |
| Cardio-vascular manifestations | |||||
| Chen C, et al. [35] | China | 41 | 30 (73%) | N/A | 5 (12%) acute cardiac injury |
| Wang D, et al. [36] | China | 138 | 75 (54.3%) | 56 (22–92) | 10 (7.2%) acute cardiac injury |
| Zhang L, et al. [38] | China | 343 | 169 (49.7%) | 68 (18–92) | 67 (19%) D-dimer levels over 2.0 µg/mL |
| Han H, et al. [39] | China | 94 cases 40 controls |
48 (51%) cases 28 (70%) in the control group |
N/A | D-dimer (10.36 vs. 0.26 ng/L; p < 0.001), and FDP (33.83 vs. 1.55 mg/L; p < 0.001) were higher in case than in control group |
| Dermatological manifestations | |||||
| Recalcati S, et al. [40] | Italy | 88 | N/A | N/A | 18 (20%) cutaneous manifestation 14 (77%) erythematous rash 3 (16%) widespread urticaria 1 (5.5%) chickenpox-like vesicles |
| Neurological manifestations | |||||
| Mao L, et al. [42] | China | 214 | 87 (40.7%) | 52.7 (SD 15.5) | 78 (36.4%) neurologic symptoms (more common in patients with severe infection (45.5%) 36 (16.8%) dizziness 28 (13.1%) headache 12 (5.6%) taste impairment11 (5.1%) smell impairment |
| Helms J, et al. [44] | France | 58 | N/A | 63 (IQR, 37–65) | 47(81%) neurologic findings |