Figure 13.

Change in weight and BMI vs. baseline in obese adults (73% obese women; mean age 34 years) for high vegetable (8 servings/day) intake or weight loss diet (500 kcal reduced energy intake) over a three-month intervention and up to 18 months follow-up: (A) high vegetable diet reduced weight after three months (p = 0.0087) with an increase back to baseline at 12 and 18 months, and reduced energy and fat intake reduced weight at three months (<0.0001), 12 months (p = 0.0006), and 18 months (p = 0.019), and (B) high vegetable diet reduced BMI at three months (p = 0.014) which remained reduced for the 15 months of follow-up, and the reduced energy and fat diet reduced BMI which remained reduced for all follow-up periods (p ≤ 0.045) [46]. High vegetable group was requested to avoid potato chips, fried vegetables, or 100% fruit or vegetable juices, but post hoc dietary analysis showed that potato chips, French-fried potatoes, 100% vegetable juices were counted as part of the goals and 2–3 servings of fruit including fruit juice.