Table 5.
Changes from baseline to follow-up in the percentage of parents achieving the behavioral goals by study group in the total sample and in each region/country.
| Total Sample | HICs under Austerity Measures | LMICs | HICs | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-Up | p-Value * | Baseline | Follow-Up | p-Value * | Baseline | Follow-up | p-Value * | Baseline | Follow-Up | p-Value * | ||
| Breakfast | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||||
| Intervention | daily | 57.8 | 61.6 | 0.062 | 65.2 | 71.7 | 0.019 | 35.2 | 31.0 | 0.242 | 71.0 | 77.7 | 0.071 |
| Control | daily | 60.0 | 61.5 | 0.478 | 62.8 | 64.3 | 0.651 | 33.9 | 33.2 | 0.855 | 79.1 | 77.9 | 0.708 |
| p-value § | 0.245 | 0.971 | 0.430 ‡ | 0.381 | 0.019 | 0.225 ‡ | 0.703 | 0.613 | 0.533 ‡ | 0.010 | 0.965 | 0.113 ‡ | |
| Sugary drinks | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||||
| Intervention | <1 serving per week | 54.6 | 66.4 | <0.001 | 59.5 | 77.0 | <0.001 | 46.4 | 53.1 | 0.117 | 86.9 | 90.5 | 0.196 |
| Control | <1 serving per week | 52.3 | 56.3 | 0.087 | 54.6 | 63.8 | 0.007 | 50.3 | 45.8 | 0.336 | 88.2 | 87.7 | 0.850 |
| p-value § | 0.254 | <0.001 | 0.009 ‡ | 0.104 | <0.001 | 0.024 ‡ | 0.305 | 0.152 | 0.064 ‡ | 0.607 | 0.330 | 0.460 ‡ | |
| Vegetables | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||||
| Intervention | >=5 servings per day | 3.4 | 2.8 | 0.387 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 0.701 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 0.537 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 0.526 |
| Control | >=5 servings per day | 2.7 | 3.4 | 0.298 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 0.375 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 0.937 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0.144 |
| p-value § | 0.245 | 0.430 | 0.623 ‡ | 0.701 | 0.387 | 0.595 ‡ | 0.838 | 0.447 | 0.856 ‡ | 0.023 | 0.927 | 0.719 ‡ | |
| Fruits | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| Intervention | >=3 servings per day | 9.4 | 11.7 | 0.063 | 10.4 | 16.7 | 0.001 | 8.5 | 4.0 | 0.021 | 8.6 | 10.5 | 0.448 |
| Control | >=3 servings per day | 7.0 | 7.5 | 0.648 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 0.358 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 0.095 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 0.581 |
| p-value § | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.525 ‡ | 0.060 | 0.001 | 0.262 ‡ | 0.078 | 0.303 | 0.780 ‡ | 0.750 | 0.622 | 0.895 ‡ | |
| Sweets | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| Intervention | <= 1 serving per week | 24.1 | 28.0 | 0.026 | 24.5 | 31.3 | 0.009 | 25.7 | 25.8 | 0.980 | 21.2 | 23.6 | 0.485 |
| Control | <= 1 serving per week | 23.5 | 23.6 | 0.954 | 28.5 | 29.8 | 0.662 | 19.9 | 20.1 | 0.952 | 19.1 | 17.7 | 0.644 |
| p-value § | 0.708 | 0.028 | 0.172 ‡ | 0.104 | 0.631 | 0.188 ‡ | 0.051 | 0.138 | 0.973 ‡ | 0.470 | 0.097 | 0.487 ‡ | |
| Screen time | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| Intervention | <2 h per day | 16.6 | 18.5 | 0.219 | 17.9 | 21.0 | 0.193 | 19.1 | 19.4 | 0.928 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 0.700 |
| Control | <2 h per day | 14.9 | 14.6 | 0.842 | 16.2 | 18.1 | 0.430 | 19.4 | 16.9 | 0.470 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 0.715 |
| p-value § | 0.222 | 0.024 | 0.443 ‡ | 0.410 | 0.294 | 0.786 ‡ | 0.926 | 0.486 | 0.630 ‡ | 0.320 | 0.132 | 0.629 ‡ | |
| MVPA | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| Intervention | >=150 min per week | 46.9 | 47.6 | 0.756 | 42.3 | 43.6 | 0.692 | 51.5 | 53.4 | 0.653 | 50.6 | 50.0 | 0.892 |
| Control | >=150 min per week | 46.5 | 47.5 | 0.666 | 43.0 | 44.7 | 0.638 | 49.3 | 52.2 | 0.555 | 49.5 | 48.4 | 0.793 |
| p-value § | 0.858 | 0.989 | 0.909 ‡ | 0.818 | 0.764 | 0.876 ‡ | 0.582 | 0.825 | 0.863 ‡ | 0.780 | 0.745 | 0.914 ‡ | |
MVPA: Moderate to vigorous physical activity; HICs: High-income countries; LMICs: Low- to middle-income countries. Serving size: for sugary drinks: 250 mL, for fruits and vegetables: 1/2 cup, for sweets: one small chocolate bar (40 g) or half a cup of sweets, cookies or one scoop of ice cream. * p-values indicate the time effect and were derived from generalized linear mixed modeling with sex as a covariate. § p-values indicate the treatment effect and were derived from generalized linear mixed modeling with sex as a covariate. ‡ p-values indicate the treatment × time interaction effect and were derived from generalized linear mixed modeling with sex as a covariate. Significant p-values are highlighted in bold.