Table 1.

Health information technology challenges that blockchain addresses.

Challenge		Frequency (N=70), n
Data access, security, and privacy
	Patient lack of control over data	37
	Data tampering	28
	Data breaches	26
	Other malicious attacks (eg, impersonation)	6
	Nonanonymous access to records	3
Interoperability
	Lack of data integrity	16
	Lack of data transparency	10
	Poor compatibility with existing electronic health structures	6
	Lack of real-time access to results	4
	Poor integration of large volumes of data	3
Health care outcomes
	Low efficiency	7
	Misdiagnosis/overtreatment	6
	Data dredging	3
	Lack of trust between stakeholders	4
	High cost of maintenance and data management	2