| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| DALY | Disability life adjusted years |
| FFQ | Food frequency questionnaire |
| GBD | Global burden of disease |
| HDL | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| IBS | Irritable bowel syndrome |
| LDL | Low density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| NCD | Non-communicable disease |
| MPF | Unprocessed and minimally processed foods |
| NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| PCI | Processed culinary ingredients |
| PF | Processed foods |
| SSB | Sugar-sweetened beverages |
| UPF | Ultra-processed foods |
| WHO | World Health Organization |