Table 4.
Risk factors for having NL.
| Variables | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age # | 0.97 | 0.96–0.99 | 0.005 * |
| Gender (1: male, 0: female) # | 0.94 | 0.58–1.35 | 0.78 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.03 | 0.97–1.09 | 0.30 |
| DED (1: (+), 0: (−)) | 1.75 | 1.12–2.71 | 0.01 * |
| Sleep parameters | |||
| Sleep latency (minutes) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.55 |
| Sleep efficacy (%) | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.94 |
| Sleep duration (minutes) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.11 |
| Subjective sleep quality | 1.16 | 0.94–1.43 | 0.16 |
| Subjective happiness | 1.07 | 0.92–1.26 | 0.35 |
| Outdoor time | 1.06 | 0.98–1.15 | 0.16 |
| Night shift (times/month) | 0.98 | 0.91–1.06 | 0.62 |
| Dryness of mouth (1: (+), 0: (−)) | 1.00 | 0.65–1.56 | 0.99 |
| Number of symptoms of eyes upon awakening | 1.23 | 1.03–1.47 | 0.04 * |
| Symptoms in detail | |||
| Difficulty opening eyes (1: (+), 0: (−)) | 1.99 | 1.00–3.95 | 0.049 * |
| Foreign body sensation (1: (+), 0: (−)) | 1.00 | 0.47–2.14 | 1.00 |
| Eye pain (1: (+), 0: (−)) | 2.71 | 1.09–6.75 | 0.03 * |
| Discharge (1: (+), 0: (−)) | 1.37 | 0.85–2.19 | 0.20 |
| Tears (1: (+), 0: (−)) | 0.82 | 0.29–2.30 | 0.70 |
| Dryness (1: (+), 0: (−)) | 1.73 | 0.94–3.19 | 0.08 |
| Photophobia (1: (+), 0: (−)) | 1.11 | 0.52–2.37 | 0.80 |
NL: nocturnal lagophthalmos, BMI: body mass index, DED: dry eye disease. # Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed adjusted for age and gender. * p < 0.05.