TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
NAD	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
FAD	flavin adenine dinucleotide
DMEM	Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
FBS	fetal bovine serum
PBS	phosphate-buffered saline
ANOVA	one-way analysis of variance
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
SLE	systemic lupus erythematosus
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease
MTT	3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay