Table 2.
EPR data on a subset of participants with a self-report of asthma, integrated at the participant-level with data derived from the Translator Exposures APIs.
| Feature Variable | 0 ED or Urgent Care Visits for Asthma Prior 12 Months | 1+ ED or Urgent Care Visits for Asthma Prior 12 Months | TOTAL n (Row %) (Column %) |
p Value † |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
n * (Row %) (Column %) |
n (Row %) (Column %) |
|||
| n = 806 | n = 117 | n = 923 | ||
| Sex | p < 0.10 | |||
| Female | 593 (86.2%) (73.6%) |
95 (13.8%) (81.2%) |
688 (100.0%) (74.5%) |
|
| Male | 213 (90.6%) (26.4%) |
22 (9.36%) (18.8%) |
235 (100.0%) (25.5%) |
|
| Race | p < 0.0001 | |||
| African American | 179 (77.5%) (22.2%) |
52 (22.5%) (47.3%) |
231 (100.0%) (25.0%) |
|
| Caucasian | 562 (90.6%) (69.7%) |
58 (9.35%) (52.7%) |
620 (100.0%) (67.2%) |
|
| Other | 65 (90.3%) (8.06%) |
7 (9.72%) (6.36%) |
72 (100.0%) (7.80%) |
|
| n = 799 | n = 117 | n = 916 | ||
| History of Smoking | p < 0.10 | |||
| Yes | 327 (84.7%) (40.9%) |
59 (15.3%) (50.4%) |
386 (100.0%) (42.1%) |
|
| No | 472 (89.1%) (59.1%) |
58 (10.9%) (49.6%) |
530 (100.0%) (57.9%) |
|
| n = 790 | n = 114 | n = 904 | ||
| Obese | p < 0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 345 (85.0%) (43.7%) |
61 (15.0%) (53.5%) |
406 (100.0%) (44.9%) |
|
| No | 445 (89.4%) (56.3%) |
53 (10.6%) (46.5%) |
498 (100.0%) (55.1%) |
|
| n = 773 | n = 106 | n = 879 | ||
| Average Annual PM2.5 Exposure ‡ | p = 0.13 | |||
| Bin 1 (4.64, 7.99] μg/m3 | 20 (100.0%) (2.59%) |
0 (0.00%) (0%) |
20 (100.0%) (2.28%) |
|
| Bin 2 (7.99, 9.66] μg/m3 | 149 (90.3%) (19.3%) |
16 (9.70%) (15.1%) |
165 (100.0%) (18.8%) |
|
| Bin 3 (9.66, 13.01] μg/m3 | 604 (87.0%) (78.1%) |
90 (13.0%) (84.9%) |
694 (100.0%) (79.0%) |
|
| Major Roadway Exposure | p = 1.00 | |||
| ≤250 m | 332 (87.6%) (42.9%) |
47 (12.4%) (44.3%) |
379 (100.0%) (43.1%) |
|
| >250 m | 441 (88.2%) (57.1%) |
59 (11.8%) (55.7%) |
500 (100.0%) (56.9%) |
|
| Median Household Income Exposure ‡ | p < 0.001 | |||
| Bin 1 (7538, 48,694] US$ | 311 (83.2%) (40.2%) |
63 (16.8%) (59.4%) |
374 (100.0%) (42.5%) |
|
| Bin 2 (48,694, 89,646] US$ | 355 (90.6%) (45.9%) |
37 (9.44%) (34.9%) |
392 (100.0%) (44.6%) |
|
| Bin 3 (89,646, 212,500] US$ | 107 (94.7%) (13.8%) |
6 (5.31%) (5.66%) |
113 (100.0%) (12.9%) |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; PM2.5, particulate matter ≤ 2.5-µm in diameter. * Sample sizes reflect the starting sample size of n = 932 EPR participants with a self-reported diagnosis of asthma, of which n = 923 participants had data on the primary endpoint of self-reported ED or urgent care visits for asthma (one or more in prior 12 months), and n = 879 of those had geocodes and therefore had exposures data available from the Translator Exposures APIs. Sample sizes vary by feature variable due to missing data arising from incomplete surveys. † Significance level was set at p < 0.10. ‡ Binned using pandas cut function to facilitate comparison with [24] and account for the granularity of the data, with airborne pollutant exposure estimates obtained at a resolution of 12 km-squared and provisioned at a resolution of the US Census Track centroid, and median household income estimates provisioned at the US Census Block Group level.