Table 2.

Implementation frameworks and strategies used for web-based apps.

Authors	Frameworks	Types of framework [19]	Implementation strategies [35]	Implementation activities
Webb et al [31]	NPTa	Implementation theories
			Reminder	Phone call and SMS as reminder to patients to complete the app
			Reminder and facilitation	Receptionist to prompt patient to complete app in the waiting room using tablet
			Continuous quality improvement	Quality improvement meetings with HCPsb
			Educational materials	Provision of educational documents to support HCPs
Diez-Canseco et al [32]	None	N/Ac
			Leadership engagement/buy-in	Engaging policy makers for support and buy-in
			Educational meetings	Training for HCPs
			Technical assistance	Telephone and face-to-face support, and supervision for HCPs throughout the implementation period
			Coaching	Regular supervision meetings with HCPs to troubleshoot problems encountered throughout the implementation period
Krist et al [33]	RE-AIMd	Evaluation framework
			Clinical champions	Appointment of practice champions
			Educational meetings	Training for HCPs
			Facilitation	Mailed invitations to complete the app
			Facilitation	Kiosk provided in the clinic waiting room to complete the app with help from researcher
			Facilitation	Completion of the app via phone call by researcher
			Facilitation	Completion of the app via tablet with help from either researcher, practice rooming staff, or medical assistant in the clinic waiting room
Scribano et al [34]	None	N/A
			Patient education and facilitation	Nurses and receptionists provided instruction forms to patients for the screening kiosks
			Environment	Placing screening kiosks in strategic locations
			Clinical champions	Appointment of practice champions

^aNPT: Normalization Process Theory.

^bHCP: health care provider.

^cN/A: not applicable.

^dRE-AIM: Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance.