Table 3.
Study characteristics.
| Setting/Country | Sample Size | Targeted Population | Time since Stroke (Months) at Recruitment | Average Age at Recruitment | Outcome Measurement | Design | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Langhorne et al. (2000) [14] | Multicenter hospital-based study/Scotland, UK. | N = 311 | People with stroke, Hemiplegia | up to 30 months after stroke | 76 years (interquartile range 70 to 82 years) | VAS | A prospective study |
| Gamble et al. (2000) [29] | Hospital-based study/UK | N = 123 | Patients with a diagnosis of acute stroke | up to 6 months | 70.6 years | VAS | A prospective study |
| Gamble et al. (2002) [16] | Hospital-based study/UK | N = 123 | Patients with a diagnosis of acute stroke | up to 6 months | 70.6 years (range 29–93) | VAS | A prospective study |
| Aras et al. (2004) [9] | Hospital-based study/Turkey | N = 85 | Patients with hemiplegia | 64.8 days from the onset | 58.7 years | Physical examination | A prospective study |
| Lindgren et al. (2007) [6] | Population-Based Study/Sweden | N = 416 | First-ever stroke patients | up to 16 months | 73.1 years (range 17–102 years) | VAS | A prospective study |
| Sackley et al. (2008) [30] | Hospital-based study/UK | N = 600 | 3-months post stroke | 3-months from the onset up to 12-months | 76 years (range 31–98 years) | VAS | A prospective study |
| Kuptniratsaikul et al. (2009) [31] | Multicenter hospital-based study/Thailand | N = 327 | Patients with stroke | more than two months | 62.2 years (SD 12.1) | Physical examination | A prospective study |
| Blennerhassett et al. (2010) [11] | Hospital-based data/Australia | N = 94 | Patients with stroke | More than 2 months | 59 years (range 17–80 years) | Physical examination | Retrospective observational study |
| Klit et al. (2011) [32] | Population-based study/Denmark | N = 608 (stroke patients), 519 (reference subjects) | Patients with stroke | Median days from stroke 794.5 (range 588–1099) | Median age, 72.6 years | NRS | A prospective study |
| Hansen et al. (2012) [33] | Hospital-based study/Denmark | N = 299 | Patients with stroke | up to 6 months post stroke | 65.6 years (24–92 years) | Interview | A prospective study |
| Lindgren et al. (2012) [34] | Hospital-based study/Sweden | N = 58 | First-ever stroke patients | up to 16 months | 71 years | VAS | A prospective study |
| Kuptniratsaikul et al. (2013) [35] | Multicenter hospital-based study/Thailand | N = 327 | Patients with stroke | 12 months of onset | 62.1 years (SD 12.5 years) | Physical examination | A prospective study |
| Chen et al. (2014) [36] | Hospital-based study/Taiwan | N = 568 | First-time stroke patients | Not reported | 65.7 years (SD 13.3 years) | Medical records | A retrospective longitudinal cohort study |
| Kim et al. (2014) [37] | Hospital-based study/Korea | N = 94 | Patients with first-ever unilateral stroke lesion | up to 6 months post-stroke | 65.6 years | NRS | A prospective study |
| Kwon et al. (2014) [38] | Hospital-based study/Korea | N = 229 | Patients with stroke | More than 2 months | 59.0 years (SD 12.4) | University of Alabama’s Pain Behaviors Scale | A prospective study |
| Karaahmet et al. (2014) [39] | Hospital-based study/Turkey | N = 63 | Patients with stroke | More than 2 months | 61 years (range, 39–85 years) |
Physical examination | A prospective study |
| Adey-Wakeling et al. (2015) [3] | Population-Based Study/Australia | N = 318 | Patients with stroke | Average 8.7 days post onset up to 12 years | 72.5 years | VAS | A prospective study |
| Paolucci et al. (2016) [40] | Hospital-based multicenter study/Italy | N = 443 | Patients with stroke | more than 90 days onset of stroke | 67.1 years | Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory | A prospective study |
VAS: Visual analogue scale; NRS: Numerical rating scale.