Table 1.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.

Category	Included	Excluded
Publication Language	English
Study types and designs	Systematic reviews, random controlled trials, product pilots/trials (non-random), program reports, news articles describing the use of biosensors by organizations
Publication Type	Peer-reviewed articles and gray literature (including program reports and reputable news articles about product pilots)	Textbooks, product manufacturer documents such as schematics, patents
Intervention type	WASH interventions involving biosensors aimed at improving human health either at a public health (e.g., biosensors used in wastewater treatment plants to evaluate effectiveness of filtration systems) or personal health (e.g., biosensors in toilets in participant’s homes to alert the presence of a certain bacteria) level	Interventions that do not utilize a biosensor, do not relate to human waste and sanitation (e.g., environmental/ecological monitoring as the sole use of biosensors, sensors used in industrial wastewater or sensors applied to drinking water) or were not directly related to a human health outcome
Publication dates	2000 to the present	Literature dated 1999 and prior