Table A1.

Study Characteristics of Included Papers.

Author, Publication Year, Country [ref]	Technology Used	Setting of Use in Study
Yang et al., 2015, Europe (multiple) [11]	Multiple (review paper)	Wastewater
Jaatinen et al., 2016, Finland [21]	Whole cell sensor	Urine samples
Lucarelli et al., 2002, Italy [30]	Carbon electrode sensor	Wastewater
Webster et al., 2014, United States [39]	Carbon electrode sensor	Urine samples
Hirayama et al., 2010, Japan [22]	Infrared	Toilet
Soh, 2005, Singapore [23]	Electric biosensor	Toilet
Kawanami et al., 2012, Japan [24]	Thermocouple sensor	Toilet
Delea et al., 2017, Bangladesh [25]	Motion sensor	Toilet
Park et al., 2020, United States [26]	Smart toilet, DNA biosensor	Toilet
Masemola et al., 2020, South Africa [31]	Electric biosensor	Water
Chapron et al., 2019, Canada [38]	Infrared	Toilet
Ghosh et al., 2020, India [27]	Smart toilet, Transducer	Toilet
Porecha, 2015, United States [28]	Smart toilet	Toilet
Nakagawa et al., 2018, Japan [29]	Electrocardiogram	Toilet
Mao et al., 2019, China [32]	Colorimetric biosensor	Wastewater
Yang et al., 2015, United Kingdom [33]	DNA biosensor	Wastewater
Timur et al., 2004, Turkey [34]	Whole cell sensor	Wastewater
Gao et al., 2017, China [35]	Whole cell sensor	Wastewater
Pham et al., 2015, Germany [36]	Whole cell sensor	Wastewater
Gagnon & Lajeunesse, 2008, Portugal [37]	Whole cell sensor	Wastewater
Bunyakul et al., 2015, Thailand [40]	Microfluidic immunosensor	Stool samples