Table 1.
Study group characteristics for the 50-year-old men and women in the Västerbotten Intervention Program (VIP)-based study group and the basic VIP cohort. Data are presented as mean (95% confidence interval) or percent at screening.
| VIP Cohort | Present Study Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 110,663 | n = 372 | Temporal Trend | |||
| Measure | Trend | Measure | Trend | p-Value | |
| Sample years | 1990–2017 | - | 1987–2017 | - | - |
| Proportion women | 50.7% | - | 50.0% | - | - |
| University level education | 30.4% | ↑ | 30.6% | ↑ | 0.03 |
| BMI a, kg/m2 | 26.6 (26.5, 26.6) | ↑ | 26.1 (25.7, 26.4) | ↑ | 0.018 |
| Fasting blood glucose a, mol/L | 5.52 (5.51, 5.53) | → | 5.29 (5.21, 5.37) | → | 0.149 |
| Never-smoker | 39.2% to 50.7% | ↑ | 41.7% to 71.4% | ↑ | 0.004 |
| Nutrient intake a | |||||
| Total fat, E% | 35.8 (35.7, 35.9) | ↑ | 35.4 (34.7, 36.1) | ↑ | <0.001 |
| Saturated fat, E% | 14.9 (14.9, 15.0) | ↑ | 14.8 (14.3, 15.2) | ↑ | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrates, E% | 46.5 (46.4, 46.5) | ↓ | 46.6 (45.9, 47.4) | ↓ | <0.001 |
| Sucrose, E% | 5.84 (5.82, 5.85) | ↓ | 5.77 (5.50, 6.05) | ↓ | <0.001 |
| Protein, E% | 15.1 (15.1, 15.1) | → | 14.8 (14.6, 15.0) | → | 0.044 |
| Vitamin C, mg/day | 69.9 (69.6, 70.1) | ↓ | 72.8 (68.2, 77.5) | ↓ | 0.017 |
| Vitamin D, mg/day | 5.22 (5.21, 5.23) | → | 5.36 (5.15, 5.57) | → | 0.152 |
| Vitamin E, mg/day | 6.07 (6.06, 6.08) | ↓ | 6.08 (5.92, 6.24) | → | 0.799 |
a Adjusted for sex and education level by general linear modeling. Mean nutrient intakes were also adjusted for total energy intake.