Table 1.
Summary of studies on HCV reinfection in low- and middle-income countries.
| Author, Year | Study Design | Setting (LMICs in Multi-Site Studies, SES and Median Income of Relevant Countries) |
Study Population (N) % Male Initial HCV Prevalence |
Testing Interval | Reinfection Rate (per 100 PY) (Available Rates among Relevant Special Populations Noted) |
Measurement of Reinfection | Follow-Up Time (Participant Range if Given) |
Attrition Rate (Loss to Follow-Up) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Foster et al., 2019 [20] | Integrated analysis of clinical trials | Multi-country Upper middle-income (Mexico = $9673 Romania = $12,306 Russia = $11,288) |
N = 1819 Male 57.0% Prevalence = 50.0% * |
Followed for 24 weeks, reinfection detected at week 12 | 0.6 | Deep gene sequencing | 24 weeks | 0.01 |
| 2 | Huang et al., 2019 [21] | Cohort study | Taiwan = $14,273 Upper middle-income |
N = 219 Male 100.0% Prevalence = 33.7% |
Varied: either 12 months (majority), following abnormal labs (minority) | 10.5 14.1 (for DAA treatment recipients) |
No differentiation between reinfection and relapse | 2.1–6.6 years | 0.04 |
| 3 | Latham et al., 2019 [22] | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Multi-country Upper middle-income (Georgia = $4722) |
N = 827 Sex not delineated Prevalence not delineated |
Varied among studies | 1.9 (for recent PWID) 0.6 (for OST recipients) |
Genotyping, deep gene sequencing or none | 24 weeks–3 years | 0.02 |
| 4 | Rahman et al., 2019 [23] | Prospective cohort | Bangladesh = $1698 Lower middle-income |
N = 200 Sex not delineated Prevalence = 42% |
Once 12 weeks after SVR | 4.2 | Genotyping | 12 weeks | 0.05 |
| 5 | Reddy et al., 2018 [24] | Cohort study | Multi-Country Upper middle-income (Brazil = $9001, Argentina = $11,683, Mexico = $9673, Taiwan = $14,273) |
N = 1503 Male 60% Prevalence = 56.8% * |
Day 1, week 24, 48, 96 and 144 | 0.02 | Reflex genotyping | 144 weeks | 0.01 |
| 6 | Rockstroh et al., 2017 [25] | Clinical trial | Multi-Country Upper middle-income (Russia = $11,288) |
N = 228 Male 80%Prevalence = 50% * |
Not delineated | 1.9 | Deep gene sequencing | 12 weeks | 0.02 |
| 7 | Sarrazin et al., 2017 [26] | Cohort Study | Multi-Country Upper middle-income (Russia = $11,288) |
N = 3004 Sex not delineated Prevalence = 50% * |
Once at 24 weeks | 0.5 | Deep gene sequencing | 24 weeks | Not delineated |
* background prevalence average among all sites in multi-site studies.