(a)
| São Paulo | Mean (CI) | N | Median | Los Angeles | Mean (CI) | N | Median |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a (March 2015–2019) 1 | a (March 2015–2019) 1 | ||||||
| Pollutant concentrations | Pollutant concentrations | ||||||
| CO (ppm) | 0.58 (0.55–0.61) | 155 | 0.55 | CO (ppm) | 0.34 (0.31–0.34) | 155 | 0.33 |
| O3 (µg/m3) | 34.67 (33.05–36.39) | 155 | 32.98 | O3 (µg/m3) | 88.11 (85.46–90.76) | 155 | 88.87 |
| NO2 (µg/m3) | 31.58 (30.10–33.09) | 155 | 30.63 | NO2 (µg/m3) | 31.86 (29.74–33.98) | 142 | 28.71 |
| PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 13.91 (13.16–14.63) | 155 | 13.60 | PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 9.51 (8.79–10.36) | 155 | 8.55 |
| Meteorological Factors | Meteorological Factors | ||||||
| T (°C) | 23.45 (23.19–23.72) | 155 | 23.53 | T (°C) | 16.42 (16.01–16.88) | 155 | 16.2 |
| RH (%) | 76.36 (75.24–77.57) | 155 | 76.54 | RH (%) | 64.13 (61.47–67.02) | 155 | 68.30 |
| WS (m/s) | 1.71 (1.64–1.78) | 155 | 1.66 | WS (m/s) | 2.26 (2.14–2.39) | 155 | 2.00 |
| b (March 2020) 1 | b (March 2020) 1 | ||||||
| Pollutant concentrations | Pollutant concentrations | ||||||
| CO (ppm) | 0.35 (0.32–0.39) | 31 | 0.36 | CO (ppm) | 0.26 (0.23–0.28) | 31 | 0.23 |
| O3 (µg/m3) | 45.03 (40.25–49.61) | 31 | 44.14 | O3 (µg/m3) | 80.22 (75.98–84.22) | 31 | 80.79 |
| NO2 (µg/m3) | 23.59 (21.15–26.25) | 31 | 21.46 | NO2 (µg/m3) | 19.67 (16.76–22.81) | 31 | 17.72 |
| PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 12.21 (10.55–13.94) | 31 | 11.59 | PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 6.12 (5.12–7.26) | 31 | 5.04 |
| Meteorological Factors | Meteorological Factors | ||||||
| T (°C) | 22.39 (21.75–23.00) | 31 | 22.62 | T (°C) | 15.38 (14.75–16.05) | 31 | 14.90 |
| RH (%) | 71.84 (69.79–74.00) | 31 | 70.37 | RH (%) | 62.25 (57.92–66.53) | 31 | 63.40 |
| WS (m/s) | 1.93 (1.78–2.09) | 31 | 1.817 | WS (m/s) | 2.31 (2.09–2.53) | 31 | 2.30 |
| Total (March 2015–2020) | Total (March 2015–2020) | ||||||
| Pollutant concentrations | Pollutant concentrations | ||||||
| CO (ppm) 2,** | 0.54 (0.51–0.57) | 186 | 0.52 | CO (ppm) 2,** | 0.32 (0.30–0.33) | 173 | 0.32 |
| O3 (µg/m3) 2** | 36.40 (34.79–38.15) | 186 | 34.31 | O3 (µg/m3) 3,* | 86.70 (84.33–89.09) | 186 | 86.89 |
| NO2 (µg/m3) 2,** | 30.25 (28.94–31.61) | 186 | 29.47 | NO2 (µg/m3) 2,** | 29.68 (27.69–31.73) | 173 | 26.85 |
| PM2.5 (µg/m3) 3 | 13.62 (12.95–14.34) | 186 | 13.31 | PM2.5 (µg/m3) 3,** | 8.90 (8.24–9.64) | 186 | 7.91 |
| Meteorological Factors | Meteorological Factors | ||||||
| T (°C) 3,* | 23.27 (23.01–23.51) | 186 | 23.33 | T (°C) 3 | 16.24 (15.86–16.62) | 186 | 16.00 |
| RH (%) 3,* | 75.61 (74.59–76.59) | 186 | 75.61 | RH (%) | 63.79 (61.38–66.19) | 186 | 66.40 |
| WS (m/s) 3 | 1.74 (1.67–1.81) | 186 | 1.68 | WS (m/s) | 2.27 (2.15–2.39) | 186 | 2.00 |
Notes: 1 a—no confinement (2015–2019) and b—confinement COVID-19 scenario (2020); 2 There are significantly distinct sets of means between years without march activity restriction (a, 2015–2019) and 2020 (b, coronavirus scenario), significantly different α = 0.05, Bonferroni test; 3 There are significant differences between some pairs of means and years, but there is no significantly distinct sets of means, a vs. b; ** analysis of variance p < 0.001, * analysis of variance p < 0.01, p–value represents results of the ANOVA procedure and compares the two groups of years, with (2020) and without (2015–2019) COVID-19 scenario.