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. 2020 Jul 2;12(7):1973. doi: 10.3390/nu12071973

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The role of the immune response in IBD. In CD, Th1 skewing is observed, but in UD, Th2 skewing is common. The population of Th17 cells is decreased regarding the Th1 or Th2 population. The decreased number of Treg cells and imbalance in Th17 and Treg subpopulation are common in both diseases. The subpopulation disturbance triggers the loss of tolerance for microbiota and the privilege of the proinflammatory processes. In turn, microbiota modulates the Treg population and has an anti-inflammatory effect.