Table 5.

Direct, indirect, and total effects for the EGE.

Variable	Direct Effect	T Statistics	Indirect Effect	T Statistics	Total Effect	T Statistics
LnPOP	0.096	0.21	1.047 **	2.41	1.143 **	2.39
LnES	−0.106 ***	−5.55	0.053	0.86	−0.053	−0.78
LnEI	0.273	1.62	−0.694 ***	−3.33	−0.420 *	−1.85
LnIS	−0.062	−0.27	0.727 **	2.11	0.664	1.43
LnPGDP	0.007	0.16	−0.131 **	−2.38	−0.124 **	−1.99

Notes: * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.