EPS, with the use of isoprenaline, is recommended to risk stratify individuals with asymptomatic pre-excitation who have high-risk occupations/hobbies, and those who participate in competitive athletics. |
|
514–516
|
EPS should be considered for risk stratification in asymptomatic pre-excitation patients without high-risk occupations or those who are not competitive athletes. |
|
514
,
516
,
517
|
Non-invasive screening with exercise testing, drug testing, and ambulatory monitoring may be considered for risk stratification in asymptomatic pre-excitation patients without high-risk occupations or those who are not competitive athletes. |
|
514
,
516
,
517
|
High-risk features to consider at EPS with or without catecholamine challenge are accessory pathways with an antegrade refractory period ≤250 ms, shortest pre-excited RR interval during AF ≤250 ms, inducible atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia, and multiple accessory pathways. |
|
514
,
518
,
519
|
Observation without treatment may be reasonable in asymptomatic WPW patients who are considered to be at low risk following EPS, abrupt loss of pre-excitation during exercise testing, or due to intermittent pre-excitation on a resting ECG or during ambulatory monitoring. |
|
514
,
516
|