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WNV lifecycle and transmission. (a) WNV maintenance between birds (reservoir) and competent mosquito vector, (b) WNV transmission via direct between birds in commercial farm setting, (c) WNV transmission to various hosts (human, horse and crocodile) via mosquito bite, (d) WNV transmission via blood transfusion and organ transplant in human, (e) WNV infection in crocodile through WNV contaminated water.
