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. 2020 Jul 19;9(7):589. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9070589

Table 1.

Summary of WNV proteins and their function.

Viral Protein Position in the Genome (Nucleotides) Main Role References
C 97-465
  • -

    RNA encapsidation and uncoating

  • -

    Activation of apoptosis pathway and cell death

 [62,81,82,85,132]
prM/M 466-741-742-966
  • -

    Virion assembly

  • -

    Virus—host cell fusion

 [62,94,133]
E 967-2469
  • -

    Viral binding and entry to host cell receptors

  • -

    Virus particle protection

  • -

    Viral membrane—host cell fusion

 [48,62,86]
NS1 2470-3525
  • -

    Viral RNA replication

  • -

    Enhancement of the attachment of the virus onto the endoplasmic reticulum

  • -

    Virus stability

  • -

    Immune evasion (inhibition of complement activation)

 [62,98,101,102,103]
NS2A 3526-4218
  • -

    Viral RNA replication and virions assembly

  • -

    Immune evasion (disruption of IFN transcription)

 [62,113,134]
NS2B 4219-4611
  • -

    Cofactor for NS3 protease activity

  • -

    Virus replication and assembly

 [48,62,67]
NS3 4612-6468
  • -

    Serine protease (N-terminal)

  • -

    RNA helicase (C-terminal)

 [48,62,118,119,120]
NS4A 6469-6915
  • -

    Viral membrane rearrangement

  • -

    Inhibitor of interferon α/β host response

 [62]
NS4B 6916-7680
  • -

    Immune evasion (inhibitor of interferon α/β host response)

  • -

    Viral replication (enhancer of NS3hel activity)

 [62,125,135]
NS5 768-10395
  • -

    IFN-α and β antagonist

  • -

    Evasion of the innate immune response (IFN antagonist)

  • -

    Methyltransferase (N-terminal), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (C-terminal)

 [62,67,128,129,130,131]