Figure 9.

Effects of the high-fat and high-cholesterol diet and metformin supplementation on testicular inflammation pathway regulators (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL6 and PPARϒ) in the male mice: Protein expressions in each group were measured using western blot analysis, and β-actin was used for normalization. Data are expressed as means ± SD of duplicate experiments (n = 6–9 per group). * p < 0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test. NC, normal diet; HFC, high-fat and high-cholesterol diet; HFC + Met, HFC with metformin supplementation. TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; IL-6, interleukin-6; peroxisome PPARϒ, proliferator-activated receptor ϒ.