Table 3.

Risk factors for NTM infection.

Systemic Risk Factors	Local Risk Factors
SCID, CGD	Skin barrier disruption (laser cosmetic surgery, catheter)
Haematological malignancies	Corneal integrity alteration (LASIK)
GVHD	Lung disease: cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis itself, COPD, asthma, air pollution
HIV with CD4+ cells T count below 50/μL
Iatrogenic immunosuppression (steroids, immunosuppressive and biological drugs)
Genetic polymorphism or mutations in IL12/IFN-gamma pathways (MSMD)
Vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D receptor polymorphisms

SCID: severe combined immunodeficiency; CGD: chronic granulomatous disease, GVHD: graft-versus-host disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.