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. 2020 Aug 3;10:13018. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70138-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Characterization of VIP receptors in PBMC from healthy donors and from both hyperthyroid and euthyroid GD patients. (a) VPAC1 and VPAC2 mRNA expression levels in PBMC were determined by real-time PCR. Results are expressed as relative mRNA expression (relative to GAPDH mRNA levels) and referred to the expression level in healthy donors. Determinations were done in triplicate, and means and SEM are shown. (b) Protein levels of VPAC1 and VPAC2 in lysates of PBMC were measured by Western blotting. Protein bands were analyzed by densitometric analysis and normalized against the intensity of β-actin. Results are the mean ± SEM of at least 3 experiments and representative pictures are shown. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.